Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 176 - 200 of 283
Forest fire emissions have a strong impact on the concentrations of trace gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. In order to quantify the influence of boreal forest fire emissions on the atmospheric composition, the fire seasons of 1997 and 1998 are compared in this paper. Fire…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Mapping, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: boreal forests, wildfires, Siberia, Canada, ATSR - Along Track Scanning Radiometer, burned area, aerosols, transport model, CO - carbon monoxide
Background: In June 2008, burning peat deposits produced haze and air pollution far in excess of National Ambient Air Quality Standards, encroaching on rural communities of eastern North Carolina. Although the association of mortality and morbidity with exposure to urban air…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: cardiopulmonary, health effects, wildfire, smoke exposure, satellite data, syndromic surveillance
Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) was combusted at different charge sizes, fuel moisture, and chlorine content to determine the effect on emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) as well as copollutants CO, PM, and total hydrocarbons…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: biomass burning, combustion, fuel moisture, air quality, C - carbon, chemistry, hydrocarbons, sampling, toxicity, loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, North Carolina, fire management, fuel management, SFP - Southern Fire Portal, PCDD - polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, PCDF - polychlorinated dibenzofurans, PM - particulate matter
Release of PCDD and PCDF from biomass combustion such as forest and agricultural crop fires has been nominated as an important source for these chemicals despite minimal characterisation. Available emission factors that have been experimentally determined in laboratory and field…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Northwest, Southern
Keywords: PCDD - polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, PCDF - polychlorinated dibenzofurans, persistent organic pollutants, bushfire, forest fires, sugarcane burning, laboratory fires
Aerostat-lofted instrument and sampling method for determination of emissions from open area sources
An aerostat-borne instrument and sampling method was developed to characterize air samples from area sources, such as emissions from open burning. The 10 kg battery-powered instrument system, termed “the Flyer”, is lofted with a helium-filled aerostat of 4 m nominal diameter and…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air samples, open burning, emission factors, detonation, CO2 - carbon dioxide, SVOC - semi-volatile organic compounds, VOC - volatile organic compounds, PM - particulate matter
The primary objective of the Emission Production Model project is: To improve the usability, accuracy, and applicability of an Emission Production Model to predict air pollutant source strength, heat release rate, and plume buoyancy from all fire environments and all fuel types…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Project
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air pollutants, heat release rate, buoyant plume
The impact of wildfires on surface air composition over central Siberia is investigated based on near-surface carbon monoxide (CO) measurements conducted at Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO), a remote station in the center of Siberia, during 2007 and 2008 warm seasons.…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: CO - carbon monoxide, Siberia
The objective of this study is to investigate the cost of the use of fire in the Amazon. Burnings are commonplace in the Amazon production process and contribute towards the region's agricultural expansion. Fire is used by farmers in the land preparation process and in clearing…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: economic costs, Amazon, Brazil, forests, fire use, agriculture, land management
This assessment was conducted to fulfill the requirements of section 712 of the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 and to improve understanding of carbon (C) and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in the Great Plains region in the central part of the United States. The…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Aquatic, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Mapping, Models
Region(s): Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: C - carbon, carbon storage, greenhouse gas, flux, climate change, wildfires, wildland fire, area burned, FOFEM - First Order Fire Effects Model, carbon dioxide
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of how emissions from wildland fires were calculated and reported in the Environmental Protection Agency‘s (EPA) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions And Sinks: 1990 – 2009. All information presented below is from the…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide, CH4 - methane, N2O - nitrous oxide, wildfires, agricultural burning
The Air Indicator Report for Public Awareness and Community Tracking v.3 (AIRPACT-3) air quality forecast model simulates EPA criteria pollutants and their precursors, providing quantitative descriptions of regional air quality in the Pacific Northwest. This study focuses on…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: air quality, NASA land cover, Earth Observation, atmospheric particles, CALIPSO, CO - carbon monoxide, forecasting
Earth Observation (EO) sensors play an important role in quantifying biomass burning related fuel consumption and carbon emissions, and capturing their spatial and temporal dynamics. Typically, biomass burning emissions inventories are developed by exploiting either burned area…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: burned area, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Africa, biomass burning, FRP - Fire Radiative Power, EI - Emission Inventory, SEVIRI - Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager, GFED - Global Fire Emissions Database
Thermal remote sensing studies of actively burning wildfires are usually based on the detection of Planckian energy emissions in the MIR (3-5 μm), LWIR (8-14 μm) and/or SWIR (1.0-2.5 μm) spectral regions. However, vegetation also contains a series of trace elements which…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: remote sensing, vegetation fires, FRP - Fire Radiative Power, K - potassium, Italy
Wildland fires are an annually recurring phenomenon in many terrestrial ecosystems. Accurate burned area estimates are important for modeling fire-induced trace gas emissions and rehabilitating post-fire landscapes. High spatial and spectral resolution MODIS/ASTER (MASTER)…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Models
Region(s): California
Keywords: NBR - Normalized Burn Ratio, fire detection, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, burned area mapping, ASTER - Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer, emissivity
During the summer of 2003, biomass fires burned a large area of Siberia, the largest in at least 10 years. We used the NRL Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) model to forecast the transport of the smoke from these fires. Transport of these airmasses to North America…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, Northwest, International
Keywords: British Columbia, burned area, Siberia, Washington, biomass burning, long-range transport of pollution, O3 - ozone, surface ozone
Temperature, intensity, spread, and dimensions of fires burning in tropical savanna and slashed tropical forest in central Brazil were measured for the first time by remote sensing with an infrared imaging spectrometer that was designed to accommodate the high radiances of…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Mapping
Region(s): International
Keywords: carbon flux, fire temperature, remote sensing, wildfire, cerrado, heat flux, infrared imaging, tropical forest, Brazil, tropical savannas, slash fire, extended-dynamic-range imaging spectrometer
Extensive measurements of smoke exposure among wildland firefighters are summarized, showing that firefighters can be exposed to significant levels of carbon monoxide and respiratory irritants, including formaldehyde, acrolein, and respirable particulate matter. Benzene was also…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Hazard and Risk, Logistics, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: hazard, wildfires, CO - carbon monoxide, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, firefighter safety, firefighters, air quality, CO2 - carbon dioxide, chemical compounds, fire danger rating, fire equipment, fire injury, fire management, fire management planning, fire suppression, firefighting personnel, health factors, mop up, particulates, pollution, season of fire, smoke effects, smoke management, statistical analysis, toxicity, wind
The characteristics of log smoldering after an Amazonian deforestation fire are described. The experiment was carried out in 2001 at the Caiabi farm, near the city of Alta Floresta, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, as part of a set of tests that have been performed in the same area…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: fuel moisture, biomass combustion, deforestation, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, slash burn, smoldering, Brazil, Amazonian forest fires
Fire shelters are critical safety items required for use by most wildland firefighters in the United States. Most testing of fire shelters, clothing and other personal protective equipment (PPE) has been limited to prescribed fires or laboratory based studies. This study reports…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Prevention, Hazard and Risk, Logistics, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Safety, Social Science
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Canada, crown fires, jack pine, Pinus banksiana, black spruce, fire shelter, ICFME - International Crown Fire Modeling Experiment, Picea mariana, Northwest Territories, air temperature, field experimental fires, fire damage (property), fire equipment, fire injuries (humans), fire intensity, fire management, fire management planning, fire suppression, firefighting personnel, humidity, gases, ignition, mortality, photography, wind
A numerical model for the prediction of the spread rate and intensity of forest crown fires has been developed. The model is the culmination of over 20 years of previously reported fire modelling research and experiments; however, it is only recently that it has been formulated…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: Canada, crown fires, jack pine, Pinus banksiana, rate of spread, black spruce, ICFME - International Crown Fire Modeling Experiment, Picea mariana, Northwest Territories, boreal forests, coniferous forests, dead fuels, duff, experimental fire, fire danger rating, fire exclusion, fire management, fire resistant plants, flame length, fuel management, fuel loading, fuel moisture, heat, ignition, photography, shrubs, size classes, stand characteristics, statistical analysis, surface fuels, wildfires, wind
During the past 80 years, various disturbances (such as wildfire and wind events) and management actions (including fire exclusion, logging, and domestic livestock grazing) have significantly modified the composition and structure of forests and ranges across the western United…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: air quality, fuel consumption, fuel loadings, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, vegetation cover, smoke production, Columbia River basin
Description not entered.
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: carbon emissions, Pinus sylvestris, Russia, Siberia, Scots pine
The radiative energy emitted by large fires and the corresponding smoke aerosol loading are simultaneously measured from the MODIS sensor from both the Terra and Aqua satellites. Quantitative relationships between the rates of emission of fire radiative energy and smoke are…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Planning
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: aerosols, atmospheric particles, dispersion, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, pollution, fires, prediction, space remote sensing
For most overnight campers, camping and campfires seem to go together. Campfires are not only psychologically reassuring, they seem to offer an easy way to get rid of trash. But after cooking dinner, it is wise to burn the garbage in your campfire? How benign are the fumes…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Outreach
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: ash, ash content, burn, burning garbage, campfires, development, gas emissions
Florida Division of Forestry's Internet Smoke Screening Tool (SST). This internet-based Smoke Screening Tool uses the latest computer technology and forecasted weather data to view the potential impacts from a smoke plume. Anyone can use the tool, but it is primarily designed to…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Tool
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: smoke modeling, SST - Smoke Screening Tool, burn prescription