Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 151 - 175 of 223
Fire is an intrinsic element of many forest ecosystems; it shapes their ecological processes, determines species composition and influences landscape structure. However, wildfires may: have undesirable effects on biodiversity and vegetation coverage; produce carbon emissions to…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: climate change, climate variability, forest fire, tool
On August 8, 2010, a severe derecho type thunderstorm in the Baltic Sea region coincided with smoke from wildfires in Russia. Remarkable smoke aerosol concentrations, with a maximum aerosol optical depth of more than 2 at 550 nm, were observed near the thunderstorm. The impact…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Derecho, Russia, aerosol, radiative effects, HARMONIE - Hirlam Aladin Research for Mesoscale Operational Numerical Weather Prediction in Euromed, thunderstorms
We looked at 19 wildfire events that were observed in the summers of 2012 and 2013 at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO, 2.7 km a.s.l.), a mountaintop site located in central Oregon. We identified wildfire plumes using enhancement ratios (ΔY/ΔX), which we calculated for each…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: Oregon, ozone production, enhancement ratios, wildfires, fire plumes
Wildfires alter land cover creating changes in dynamic, vegetative, radiative, thermal and hydrological properties of the surface. However, how so drastic changes induced by wildfires and how the age of the burnt scar affect the small and meso-scale atmospheric boundary layer…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: Portugal, Mediterranean region, wildfires, water cycle
Persistent high pressure conditions over the European part of Russia during summer 2010 were responsible for an extended period of hot and dry weather, creating favourable conditions for severe wildfires. The chemical transport model SILAM is used to simulate the dispersion of…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: Russia, SILAM, MACC - Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate, HARMONIE - Hirlam Aladin Research for Mesoscale Operational Numerical Weather Prediction in Euromed, wildfires, aerosol radiative effects
The importance of flame detection cannot be ignored in a wildfire video surveillance system due to disturbance of heavy fog and challenging of smoke detection. In this paper a novel method for hierarchical detection of wildfire flame video is presented. Specifically, wildfire…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: hierarchical detection, wildfire flame video detection, sparse representation, fire detection
Post-fire landscapes are often blanketed with a layer of ash that is capable of altering post-fire infiltration response. Documentation of ash layer characteristics, specifically ash sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity, is instrumental to understanding and modeling post-fire…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California, Northern Rockies, Rocky Mountain, Southwest, International
Keywords: ash, methodology, wildfires, sorptivity, hydraulic conductivity, post-fire, soils, fire intensity, post-fire recovery, British Columbia, Montana, Arizona, New Mexico, Wyoming, soil moisture, soil organic matter, soil permeability, fire management, range management, soil management
A recent study of simulated forecast-based interventions as a tool to reduce the health and economic burden during smoke episodes. The study illustrated a large health burden associated with these events and the potential benefit an adaptation of current forecasting technologies…
Person: Rappold
Year: 2015
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Models, Safety
Region(s): Eastern
Keywords: PM2.5, health effects, smoke forecasting, asthma, heart failure
A discussion on revisions to US Wildfire Guide for Public Health Officials and solicitation for ideas for further revisions. The revised guide will include federal, state and local agencies and will reflect recent advances in scientific evidence and technologies. Important…
Person: Stone
Year: 2015
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, PM2.5, visual range, public health, agencies, AQI - Air Quality Index, NowCast
Presentation discussing challenges in communication during smoke events. Dr. Garbe discussed the importance of local response, and experience, as well as keeping flexible messaging and keeping the message "new" across fire seasons.
Person: Garbe
Year: 2015
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Outreach, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, public information, public perception, health effects, public health, biomass burning
Presentation on recent advances in the estimation of visual range. The use of visual range as a public health communication tool raised interest by many in the group and stimulated a discussion. Visual range is a fairly inexpensive tool for communication of exposure and could be…
Person: O'Neill
Year: 2015
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, visual range, health effects, relative humidity
Presentation outlining recent advances in the development of smoke modeling. This included a brief discussion of the effectiveness of different smoke model approaches and some examples from the 2014 wildfire season using BlueSky Framework.
Person: Larkin, O'Neill
Year: 2015
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: BlueSky Modeling Framework, smoke modeling, smoke forecasting
Presentation on the background of the proposed research plan recently funded by a JFSP grant. His research is focused on determining the role of composition and particle size on the toxicity of wildfire emissions. Dr. Gilmour presented a state of the art system designed to…
Person: Gilmour
Year: 2015
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, toxicity, health effects, cardiovascular disease
Presenting research showing that firefighters experience great variability in exposures to smoke depending on the type and duration of tasks performed and atmospheric conditions. The greatest exposures were associated with direct attack, line holding, and burnout activities.…
Person: Domitrovich
Year: 2015
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: risk management, smoke exposure, health effects, respiratory protection
An overview of the occupational, clinical and epidemiologic evidence of smoke related health effects. The presentation illustrates common biological pathways to adverse health outcomes possibly shared between smoke and other sources of air pollution and identified the areas of…
Person: Cascio
Year: 2015
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: air pollution, PM - particulate matter, firefighter health, health effects, wood smoke, respiratory illness
This Coordination Strategy (Strategy) establishes a protocol for coordination between the participating federal and state fire management agencies (FMAs), the Montana Department of Environmental Quality, and the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality (hereafter collectively…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Safety
Region(s): Great Basin, Northern Rockies
Keywords: smoke management, Idaho, Montana, public health, wildfires, fire management, interagency cooperation, mitigation, air quality
Narrated presentation describing the Wildland Fire Air Quality Response Program and its capabilities.
Person: Lahm
Year: 2015
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Safety, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, smoke impacts, public health, transportation safety, smoke exposure, public information
At present, negative impacts of air pollution on California ecosystems are caused mainly by elevated levels of ozone and nitrogen deposition. Generally, ozone air pollution in California has been improving significantly since the 1970s; however, it still causes serious…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California
Keywords: ozone, nitrogen deposition, air pollution, PM - particulate matter, forest ecosystem, ecosystem degradation, air quality
Black carbon (BC) aerosol emitted by boreal fires has the potential to accelerate losses of snow and ice in many areas of the Arctic, yet the importance of this source relative to fossil fuel BC emissions from lower latitudes remains uncertain. Here we present measurements of…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: black carbon, black carbon aerosols, boreal fire, organic carbon, PM2.5 emissions, climate change
Air pollution is an environmental health concern throughout the world, and is responsible for an estimated 1 out of 8 deaths. As a common component of air pollution, particulate matter (PM) is one of six criteria air pollutants regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, EPA - Environmental Protection Agency, biomass burning, air pollution, wood smoke, human health, firefighters
A sectional aerosol model (CARMA) has been developed and coupled with the Community Earth System Model (CESM1). Aerosol microphysics, radiative properties and interactions with clouds are simulated. The model described here uses 20 particle size bins for each aerosol component…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): California
Keywords: 2013 Rim Fire, aerosol, CESM1/CARMA
We estimate future area burned in the Alaskan and Canadian forest by the mid-century (2046–2065) based on the simulated meteorology from 13 climate models under the A1B scenario. We develop ecoregion-dependent regressions using observed relationships between annual total area…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: climate change, ozone, air quality, wildfire, Canada
Evaluated Weather Research and Forecasting model inline with chemistry (WRF/Chem) simulations of the 2009 Crazy Mountain Complex wildfire in Interior Alaska served as a testbed for typical Alaska wildfire-smoke conditions. A virtual unmanned air vehicle (UAV) sampled…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Models
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: WRF-Chem, CALIPSO, wildfire, UAV - unmanned aerial vehicles
This feasibility study examined whether total backscatter and depolarization measurements from Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) in combination with sparse surface meteorological data and other information permitted qualitative…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Models, Planning, Weather
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: CALIPSO, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, WRF-Chem, air quality, smoke plume
The purpose of this factsheet is to define wildland fuels and review some of the approaches used to assess fuel loads in Great Basin ecosystems. Assessing wildland fuel loading is important for quantifying potential fire hazards, for monitoring the effectiveness of fuel…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Hazard and Risk
Region(s): Great Basin
Keywords: fuel loads, fuel treatments, soil heating, fuel consumption, sagebrush steppe