Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 126 - 150 of 234
Background: Wildfire events are increasing in prevalence in the western United States. Research has found mixed results on the degree to which exposure to wildfire smoke is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Methods: We tested for an association between exposure to…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: wildfire smoke, wildfires, environmental epidemiology, mortality, Washington, PM2.5
Purpose: Prescribed fires or wildfires are common in natural ecosystems. Biochar input during fires can impact soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Meadows are functionally important ecosystems due to their…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: China, Alpine Meadow, N addition, N2O - nitrous oxide, vegetation diversity, warming sensitivity, greenhouse gas emissions, CH4 - methane, CO2 - carbon dioxide
The Lion Fire 2011 (LF11) and Lion Fire 2017 (LF17) were similar in size, location, and smoke transport. The same locations were used to monitor both fires for ground level fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Ground level PM2.5 is used to determine the relative smoke exposure from…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects
Region(s): California
Keywords: wildland fire, fine particulate matter, policy, management, 2011 Lion Fire, PM2.5, fire management, Sequoia National Forest, air quality
This study investigated the emission of PM10 and PM2.5 (particulates with diameters of less than 10 µm and 2.5 µm, respectively) and the chemical composition of PM2.5 from laboratory combustion of five Australian vegetation types (three grasslands, a woodland and a forest). A…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: PM2.5, Australia, bushfire, vegetation fire, PAH - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, water-soluble metals
Prescribed burning is a prominent source of PM2.5 in the southeastern U.S. An air quality forecasting system called HiRes2 currently serves most areas in the southeastern U.S. to forecast PM2.5 concentrations one day in advance, including the impact of forecast prescribed…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: PM2.5, air quality management, fire activity, CMAQ - Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System, DDM - decoupled direct method, HYSPLIT - Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory, source attribution, emission contribution
Pioneering networks of cameras that can search for wildland fire signatures have been in development for some years (High Performance Wireless Research & Education Network-HPWREN cameras and the ALERT Wildfire camera). While these cameras have proven their worth in…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): California
Keywords: smoke detection, fire detection, machine learning
Seasonal peaks of air pollution from wildfires are increasing in frequency and severity in the western provinces of Canada. During these episodes, populations are exposed to adverse short-term health effects due to elevated levels of fine particulate matter, which is the primary…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, fine particulate matter, PM2.5, wildfire smoke, AOD - aerosol optical depth, LME - linear mixed effect model, land use regression, spatial modelling, spatiotemporal modelling, air pollution
Satellite-based active fire data provide indispensable information for monitoring global fire activity and understanding its impacts on climate and air quality. Yet the limited spatiotemporal sampling capacities of current satellites result in considerable uncertainties in fire…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, Landsat 8, VIIRS - Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, active fire product evaluation, air quality, active fires, fire detection, fire size
Forest fires may have beneficial effects ecologically, but can also be damaging to the overall health and diversity of flora and fauna and may also result in loss of farm produce and livelihood base of local communities living around the forest reserves. In order to minimize…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire control systems, forest policy, forest fires, forest reserves, Ghana, Africa, firefighting
Firefighters in the line of duty are exposed to many hazardous air toxics released from burning vegetation and other materials that may cause severe health risks. Current literature does not consider complex mixtures and cumulative impacts of these air toxics when assessing…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: Australia, firefighters, cumulative exposure, firefighter health, CO - carbon monoxide, air toxics
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) raises human health concerns since it can deeply penetrate the respiratory system and enter the bloodstream, thus potentially impacting vital organs. Strong winds transport and disperse PM2.5, which can travel over long distances. Smoke from…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Weather
Region(s): California
Keywords: PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, air quality, Santa Ana winds, wildfire smoke
Many reptiles occur in landscapes that are prone to fire, yet limited information is available on the cues these species use to detect approaching fires or their immediate and preemptive behavioral responses to fire stimuli. Here, we describe the behavioral response of ten…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: fire avoidance, smoke detection, olfaction, reptiles, skink, zoo, Tiliqua rugosa, lizards
California has a long history of fire science and an even longer history of extensive fire, both natural and human in origin. Today, California is also the epicenter of increasing wildfire disasters, yielding calls for solutions to what has been termed the “wicked problem” of…
Person: Cobian-Iñiguez, Gollner, Kolden
Year: 2020
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire History, Hazard and Risk, Outreach, Planning, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California
Keywords: fire science, Indigenous knowledge, WiFIRE, burned area, disaster, ecosystem services, fire suppression costs, fire suppression effects, climate change, fire exclusion, mitigation, fire management
Characterizing pre- and post-fire fuels remains a key challenge for estimating biomass consumption and carbon emissions from wildfires. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) data have demonstrated effectiveness for estimating canopy, and to a lesser degree, surface fuel components at…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Northwest, Southwest
Keywords: airborne lidar, forest biomass, carbon emissions, eastern Cascade Range, Bandelier National Monument, biomass consumption, ALS - Airborne Laser Scanners, Pole Creek Fire, Oregon, Las Conchas Fire, New Mexico, fuel consumption
Smoke emissions from wildland fires contribute to concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter and greenhouse gases, influencing public health and climate. Prediction of emissions is critical for smoke management to mitigate the effects on visibility and air quality. Models…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: prediction interval, sensitivity analysis, uncertainty analysis, FOFEM - First Order Fire Effects Model, air quality, CONSUME
Particulate matter (PM) emissions from vegetation and peat fires in Equatorial Asia cause poor regional air quality. Burning is greatest during drought years, resulting in strong inter-annual variability in emissions. We make the first consistent estimate of the emissions, air…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: Equatorial Asia, air quality, health impacts, peat fires, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, WRF-Chem
Ecosystem fires are stochastic and anthropogenic phenomena that affect critical soil processes. Nevertheless, environmental managers, policy-makers, and even scientists have often overlooked the induced transformations that fire does to soil organic matter (SOM), which sustains…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: soil organic matter, decomposition, microbial decomposition, C - carbon, carbon emissions, greenhouse gases, stable isotopes, water-extractable organic matter, burn intensity
Biomass-burning emissions (BBE) profoundly affect climate and air quality. BBE have been estimated using various methods, including satellite-based fire radiative power (FRP). However, BBE estimates show very large variability and the accuracy of emissions estimation is poorly…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: FRP - Fire Radiative Power, biomass burning, GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, CO - carbon monoxide, Sentinel-5, TROPOMI - TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument, ABI - Advanced Baseline Imager
Background
Health risks due to particulate matter (PM) from wildfires may differ from risk due to PM from other sources. In places frequently subjected to wildfire smoke, such as Reno, Nevada, it is critical to determine whether wildfire PM poses unique risks. Our goal was to…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Great Basin
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, asthma, Nevada, PM2.5, air quality, PM10, wildfires, emergency department visits, urgent care, Reno, interaction, GAM - generalized additive model
Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon is related to the use of fire to remove natural vegetation and install crop cultures or pastures. In this study, we evaluated the relation between deforestation, land-use and land-cover (LULC) drivers and fire emissions in the Apyterewa…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Brazil, Amazon, forest fires, deforestation, Amazonia, aerosols, Modis Imagery, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, PREP-CHEM-SRC, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, GEOBIA - Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis, land use, land cover
Impact of fire emissions on U.S. air quality from 1997 to 2016-a modeling study in the satellite era
A regional modeling system that integrates the state-of-the-art emissions processing (SMOKE), climate (CWRF), and air quality (CMAQ) models has been combined with satellite measurements of fire activities to assess the impact of fire emissions on the contiguous United States (…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International
Keywords: air quality, remote sensing, Canada, Mexico, WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ model, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, O3 - ozone
The launch of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Sumo-NPP satellite in 2011 ushered in a new era of using visible light and shortwave radiation at night to characterize aerosol and fire distributions from space. In order to exploit the full range…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California
Keywords: nighttime shortwave radiative transfer, VIIRS - Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, remote sensing of fire, aerosols, nocturnal, DNB - day-night band, AOD - aerosol optical depth
We provide major updates to the ‘top down’ Fire Radiative Energy Emissions (FREM) approach to biomass burning emissions calculations, bypassing the estimation of fuel consumption that is a major source of uncertainty in widely used ‘bottom up’ approaches. The FREM approach links…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, MAIAC - Multi‐angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction, AOD - aerosol optical depth, FRE - Fire Radiative Energy, SEVIRI - Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager, FRP - Fire Radiative Power, geostationary, fuel consumption, biomass burning
Alaskan wildfires are becoming more frequent and severe, but very little is known regarding exposure to wildfire smoke, a risk factor for respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses. We estimated long-term, present-day and future exposure to wildfire-related fine particulate matter…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Models, Safety
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: air pollution, human health, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, smoke exposure, public health, environmental justice, wildfires
The past decade includes some of the most extensive boreal forest fires in the historical record. Warming temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, the desiccation of thick organic soil layers, and increased ignition from lightning all contribute to a combustive combination…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: boreal forest, fire activity, biomass burning