Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 1 - 25 of 62
FOFEM - A First Order Fire Effects Model - is a computer program that was developed to meet needs of resource managers, planners, and analysts in predicting and planning for fire effects. Quantitative predictions of fire effects are needed for planning prescribed fires that best…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FOFEM - First Order Fire Effects Model, computer program, tree mortality, soil heating, fuel consumption, fuel load, duff, moisture regimes, fire intensity
In this study, volatile and semi-volatile organic compound (VOCs and SVOCs) mass emission factors were determined from laboratory peat fire experiments. The peat samples originated from two National Wildlife Refuges on the coastal plain of North Carolina, U.S.A. Gas- and…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: biomass burning, laboratory fires, peat fires, North Carolina, air quality, C - carbon, organic soils, peat, fire management, smoke management, coastal plain, biomass burning, organic soil, VOC - volatile organic compounds, emission factors, Fine-Particle Emissions, wood combustion, source apportionment, particulate matter, gas phase, biomass, tracers
Humans use combustion for heating and cooking, managing lands, and, more recently, for fuelling the industrial economy. As a shift to fossil-fuel-based energy occurs, we expect that anthropogenic biomass burning in open landscapes will decline as it becomes less fundamental to…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: biomass burning, human caused fires, carbon dioxide, climate change, fire management, fuel management, smoke management, anthropogenic burning, carbon dioxide emissions, climate change, Global Fire, pyrogeography, fire regimes, wildfire, Impact, Anthropocene, transition, landscape, patterns, drivers
Two specific fires from 2011 are tracked for local to regional scale contribution to ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) using a freely available regulatory modeling system that includes the BlueSky wildland fire emissions tool, Spare Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: wildfires, Arizona, Kansas, aerosols, air quality, ozone, particulates, fire management, smoke management, wild fire, Photochemical Model, ozone, particulate matter
Due to concerns about adverse health effects associated with inhalation of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 30 ambient air samples were obtained at an air quality monitoring station in Palm Beach County, Florida, from March 2013 to March 2014. The ambient PAH…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Models
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: season of fire, wildfires, Florida, agriculture, air quality, hydrocarbons, pollution, fire management, biomass burning emissions, Mass-Balance Model, human health, sugarcane, Chicago, Impact, Fate, Area
A lack of independent, quality-assured data prevents scientists from effectively evaluating predictions and uncertainties in fire models used by land managers. This paper presents a summary of pre-fire and post-fire fuel, fuel moisture and surface cover fraction data that can be…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: fire size, fuel loading, fuel moisture, post fire recovery, surface fuels, Florida, Georgia, ash, char, cover, energy, herbaceous vegetation, litter, military lands, mineral soils, shrubs, fire management, forest management, land management, ash, fuel consumption, fuel loading, longleaf pine
The lack of independent, quality-assured field data prevents scientists from effectively evaluating and advancing wildland fire models. To rectify this, scientists and technicians convened in the southeastern United States in 2008, 2011 and 2012 to collect wildland fire data in…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aviation, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Intelligence, Models, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: fire size, Florida, Georgia, energy, military lands, remote sensing, fire management, forest management, smoke management, fire model evaluation, remote-piloted aircraft system
Fire plays an essential role in maintaining the structure and function of longleaf pine ecosystems. While the effects of fire on carbon cycle have been measured in previous studies for short periods during a burn and for multiyear periods following the burn, information on how…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: land management, longleaf pine, Pinus palustris, South Carolina, carbon cycle, Ameriflux, boreal forest, tallgrass prairie, carbon dioxide, Water-Vapor, fluxes, dynamics, heat
Landscape fires can produce large quantities of smoke that degrade air quality in both remote and urban communities. Smoke from these fires is a complex mixture of fine particulate matter and gases, exposure to which is associated with increased respiratory and cardiovascular…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: wildfires, air quality, Canada, Landscape Fire Smoke, wildfire smoke, portable air cleaners, HEPA filter - high effieciency particulate air filter, Intervention, particulate matter, wildfire smoke, cardiovascular health, Indoor Particles, forest fire, Intervention, impacts, Filtration, pollution, exposure
There is a lack of in-depth examination of the two basic assumptions used in calculating particulate matter (PM2.5) emission factors (EFs): 1) that the ambient CO2 concentration is constant whether in a fire plume sample or in the ambient air (the constant ambient CO2…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: particulates, air quality, PM2.5, emission factor, MCE - modified combustion efficiency, Differential Diffusion, Thermal-Analysis Mesta, black carbon, PM - particulate matter, trace gases, biomass, vegetation, forest
The most conventional and abundant tracers of biomass combustion in aerosol particles include potassium and biomarkers derived from thermally altered cellulose/hemicellulose (anhydrosugars) and lignin (methoxyphenols). However, little is known of the role biomass combustion…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Southern, Southwest
Keywords: biomass burning, fire case histories, wildfires, Texas, aerosols, lignin, fire management, watershed management, salt marshes, Lignin Oxidation-Products, Fine-Particle Emissions, Cuo Reaction-Products, SOM - soil organic matter, gas phase, Natural Environments, carbon isotopes, Plant-Tissues, levoglucosan, combustion
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) generated by forest fires has been associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes, including exacerbation of respiratory diseases and increased risk of mortality. Due to the unpredictable nature of forest fires, it is challenging for…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: wildfires, British Columbia, Canada, air quality, health factors, particulates, fire management, smoke management, forest fire smoke, Blended Models, fine particulate matter, exposure assessment, epidemiology, public health
Wildfire can impose a direct impact on human health under climate change. While the potential impacts of climate change on wildfires and resulting air pollution have been studied, it is not known who will be most affected by the growing threat of wildfires. Identifying…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Hazard and Risk, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: smoke effects, wildfires, Oregon, Great Plains, air quality, climate change, particulates, pollution, fire management, smoke management, fine particles, forest fires, Impact, quality, health, Area, mortality, perspective, management
We apply satellite fire detection products and air quality modeling to study the contribution of fire emissions to ambient aerosol concentrations over the southeastern U.S. We find that satellite MODIS fire counts show more extensive summer burnings than suggested by the bottom-…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Intelligence, Models
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: wildfires, aerosols, air quality, remote sensing, fire management, PM2.5, OC, EC, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Satellite Fire Remote Sensing, secondary organic aerosol, Algorithm, photooxidation, performance, validation
Exposure to forest fire smoke (FFS) is associated with multiple adverse health effects, mostly respiratory. Findings for cardiovascular effects have been inconsistent, possibly related to the limitations of conventional methods to assess FFS exposure. In previous work, we…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: smoke effects, wildfires, British Columbia, Canada, air quality, health factors, particulates, fire management, smoke management, forest fire smoke, particulate matter, respiratory effects, cardiovascular effects, epidemiology, southern California wildfires, fine particulate matter, Acute Otitis-Media, air pollution, hospital admissions, Cardiovascular-Disease, Australia 1994-2007, health outcomes, Daily Mortality, climate change
Highly buoyant plumes, such as wildfire plumes, in low to moderate wind speeds have initial trajectories that are steeper than many industrial waste plumes. They will rise further into the atmosphere before bending significantly. In such cases the plume's trajectory will be…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: flame length, wildfires, wind, fire management, plume, Bent-Over Plume, Highly Buoyant Plume, Fire Plume, wildfire, Near Source Behavior, Cross-Flows, Rise, wind, jet, fires, dispersion
Wildland fire management has reached a crossroads. Current perspectives are not capable of answering interdisciplinary adaptation and mitigation challenges posed by increases in wildfire risk to human populations and the need to reintegrate fire as a vital landscape process.…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Aquatic, Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Safety, Social Science, Weather, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: wildland fires, adaptation, mitigation, resilience, information sharing
[from the text] Our last research brief focused on managing smoke emissions using a decision support system in the wildland-urban interface (WUI). The authors of this system used a look-up table approach using smoke dispersion and fuel parameters to estimate the impact of smoke…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, PM - particulate matter, smoke plume simulations, Gaussian Dispersion Models, BlueSky Modeling Framework, CALPUFF, HYSPLIT - Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory
Wildfires are by far the largest contributor to global biomass burning and constitute a large global source of atmospheric traces gases and aerosols. Such emissions have a considerable impact on air quality and constitute a major health hazard. Biomass burning also influences…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: CO2 - carbon dioxide, fire models, wildfires, aerosols, air quality, gases, fire management, smoke management
Smoke measurements were made during grass and forest understorey prescribed fires as part of a comprehensive programme to understand fire and smoke behaviour. Instruments deployed on the ground, airplane and tethered aerostat platforms characterised the smoke plumes through…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: black carbon, combustion efficiency, emission factor, PM - particulate matter, understory vegetation, RxCADRE, combustion, firing techniques, smoke behavior, Florida, air quality, biomass, CO2 - carbon dioxide, CO - carbon monoxide, CH4 - methane, military lands, particulates, fire management, forest management, smoke management, grasslands
The goal of this paper is to describe the overall meteorological measurement campaign design and methods and present some initial results from analyses of two burn experiments.
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: Doppler lidar, micrometeorology, RxCADRE, low intensity burns, military lands, wind, fire management, smoke management
Characterising radiation from wildland fires is an important focus of fire science because radiation relates directly to the combustion process and can be measured across a wide range of spatial extents and resolutions. As part of a more comprehensive set of measurements…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: FRP - Fire Radiative Power, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, remote sensing, UAS - Unmanned Aircraft System, VIIRS - Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, WASP - Wildfire Airborne Sensor Platform , RxCADRE
The lack of independent, quality-assured field data prevents scientists from effectively evaluating and advancing wildland fire models. To rectify this, scientists and technicians convened in the south-eastern United States in 2008, 2011 and 2012 to collect wildland fire data in…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: model evaluation, RxCADRE, aircraft
The production of pyrogenic carbon (PyC; a continuum of organic carbon (C) ranging from partially charred biomass and charcoal to soot) is a widely acknowledged C sink, with the latest estimates indicating that ~50% of the PyC produced by vegetation fires potentially sequesters…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: pyrogenic carbon, vegetation fires
Connections between wildfires and modes of variability in climate are sought as a means for predicting fire activity on interannual to multi-decadal timescales. Several fire drivers, such as temperature and local drought index, have been shown to vary on these timescales, and…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: fire activity, ENSO - El Nino Southern Oscillation, PDO - Pacific Decadal Oscillation, CESM1/CARMA