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Topic
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Displaying 1 - 25 of 72
This seminar is part of the USFS Missoula Fire Lab Seminar Series.
Wildfires in the western US have been particularly impactful in recent years not only in terms of loss of life and property but widespread smoke affecting millions of people. Several new satellites have launched…
Person: O'Neill
Year: 2021
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California
Keywords: air quality, remote sensing, GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, VIIRS - Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, health impact analysis, Wine Country fires, Camp Fire, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, CMAQ - Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System, AQI - Air Quality Index, wildfires, mortality, GoFAST - GOES Fire and Smoke Tool
Land-use and -cover change (LUCC) is globally important to climate change mitigation. However, using land-based strategies to support aggressive subnational greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets is challenging due to competing land use priorities and uncertainty in…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Models
Region(s): California
Keywords: climate change, climate change mitigation, land use, greenhouse gas emissions, wildfire mitigation, terrestrial carbon, negative emissions, CALAND - California natural and working lands carbon and greenhouse gas model
Ecosystems require access to key nutrients like nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) to sustain growth and healthy function. However, excessive deposition can also damage ecosystems through nutrient imbalances, leading to changes in productivity and shifts in ecosystem structure. While…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: wildfires, wildland fire, N - nitrogen, nitrogen deposition, ecosystem impacts, S - sulfur, atmospheric chemistry modeling, tree growth, tree survival, CMAQ - Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System
This study investigates the impacts of African wildfire aerosols (primary organic carbon, black carbon and sulfate) on the Northern Hemispheric in January. We found that wildfire aerosols emitted from equatorial Africa result in two mid-to-high latitudes atmospheric Rossby wave…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Africa, Europe, wildfire, aerosol, teleconnection, black carbon, land surface warming, CAM5.3 - Community Atmosphere Model version 5.3, radiative flux
Satellite-based burned area products are accurate for many regions. However, only limited assessments exist for Indonesia despite extensive burning and globally important carbon emissions. We evaluated the accuracy of four MODIS-derived (moderate resolution imaging…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: tropical peatlands, Indonesia, wildfires, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, burned area mapping, temporal accuracy, remote sensing
The challenges of the 2020 Fire Year have validated the Cohesive Strategy and proven its foundational value for additional success and achievement across boundaries and landscapes in the West. The following pages offer a snapshot of 2020 activities and successes in the Western…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Aquatic, Aviation, Climate, Communications, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Logistics, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Safety, Social Science, Weather, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy (Cohesive Strategy), wildfire, wildland fire
The changes in the concentration and composition of biomass-burning organic aerosol (OA) downwind of a major wildfire are simulated using the one-dimensional Lagrangian chemical transport model PMCAMx-Trj. A base case scenario is developed based on realistic fire-plume…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: volatility basis set, biomass burning, air quality modeling, organic aerosols, wildfires, secondary organic aerosol, PM - particulate matter
Combining multiple sources of information on atmospheric composition, wildland fire emissions, and fire area burned, we link decadal air quality trends in Western US urban centers with wildland fire activity during the months of August and September for the years 2000–2019. We…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Safety
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, AOD - aerosol optical depth, postwildfire, NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards, air quality, burned area, urban areas, respiratory health, generalized additive modeling
Smoke impacts from large wildfires are mounting, and the projection is for more such events in the future as the one experienced October 2017 in Northern California, and subsequently in 2018 and 2020. Further, the evidence is growing about the health impacts from these events…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Safety
Region(s): California
Keywords: health impacts, WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ model, GOES-16, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, wildfires, air quality, remote sensing, human health
Climate change and human activities have drastically altered the natural wildfire balance in the Western US and increased population health risks due to exposure to pollutants from fire smoke. Using dynamically downscaled climate model projections, we estimated additional asthma…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Models, Planning, Safety
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: asthma, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, wildfire, healthcare, health impacts, CAM4 - Community Atmosphere Model v4
In this study, we present a nationwide machine learning model for hourly PM2.5 estimation for the continental United States (US) using high temporal resolution Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES-16) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data, meteorological variables…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, machine learning, GOES-16, AOD - aerosol optical depth, California wildfires, ECMWF - European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting, spatial-temporal analysis
Ecosystem process models can be used to predict forest response to disturbances at a range of scales. Selection of the spatial class of model should depend on the scale of the research or management question, and model type should depend on the ecosystem attributes of interest.…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: C - carbon, carbon sequestration, Ecosystem Demography model, ecosystem modeling, Ichauway, Jones Center, LANDIS-II, longleaf pine, Pinus palustris, wildfire
Wildfire emissions affect downwind air quality and human health. Predictions of these impacts using models are limited by uncertainties in emissions and chemical evolution of smoke plumes. Using high-time-resolution aircraft measurements, we illustrate spatial variations that…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: biomass burning, wildfire, chemistry, plume, hydroxyl radical, fire plume evolution, air quality, O3 - ozone
Live fuel moisture content (LFMC) plays a critical role in wildfire dynamics, but little is known about responses of LFMC to multivariate climate change, e.g., warming temperature, CO2 fertilization, and altered precipitation patterns, leading to a limited prediction ability of…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models
Region(s): California
Keywords: live fuel moisture content, vegetation model, fire danger, climate change
The objective of this study was to assess feasibility of integrating a coupled fire-atmosphere model within an air-quality forecast system to create a multiscale air-quality modeling framework designed to simulate wildfire smoke. For this study, a coupled fire-atmosphere model,…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: air quality modeling, smoke modeling, fire modeling, coupled fire-atmosphere model, WRF-SFIRE, AIRPACT, Cougar Creek fire, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5
Large areal fires, such as those ignited following a nuclear detonation, can inject smoke into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Detailed fire simulations allow for assessment of how local weather interacts with these fires and affects smoke lofting. In this study,…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: WRF-ARW, WRF - Weather Research and Forecasting, smoke injection height, troposphere, smoke simulation
Accurate quantification of fine fuel loads (e.g. foliage and twigs) in forests is required for many fire behaviour models, and for assessing post-fire changes in carbon stocks and modelling smoke emissions. Fine fuels burn readily and are thus often targeted for fuel load…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass, wildfires, fuel hazard, elevated fuel, dry sclerophyll forest, Australia
Background
Understanding the health effects of smoke from landscape fires (LFs), including wildfires and prescribed burns, is limited due to lack of adequate smoke exposure measures.
Methods
We used the reported LFs to determine smoke plume shapes from satellite images. Daily…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: health effects, wildfire, landscape fire, smoke exposure, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, cardiovascular disease, EMS - Emergency Medical Services, aerosols, ambulance, dose-response models, hospitalizations, li-fraumeni syndrome, health outcomes, optics
The western United States experienced a record-breaking wildfire season in 2020. This study quantifies the contribution of wildfire emissions to the exceedances of health-based National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for fine particles (PM2.5) by comparing two CMAQ…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Safety
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: 2020 fire season, biomass burning, aerosol, air quality, exceedance, CMAQ - Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, human health
Forest fires are still a large concern in several countries due to the social, environmental and economic damages caused. This paper aims to show the design and validation of a proposed system for the classification of smoke columns with object detection and a deep learning-…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: smoke detection, fire detection, wildfires, deep learning, Portugal
This study examines the effect of wildfire smoke on ozone (O3) production at an urban site in Bakersfield, CA. We used data from smoky and non-smoky weekdays in summer 2018. Median surface observations across the smoky and non-smoky weekdays showed that morning and afternoon O3…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): California
Keywords: wildfires, O3 - ozone, VOC - volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, NO - nitrogen oxide, box model, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5
One of the main sources of greenhouse gases is forest fire, with carbon dioxide as its main constituent. With increasing global surface temperatures, the probability of forest fire events also increases. A method that enables rapid quantification of emissions is even more…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: Landsat 8, Sentinel-2, forest fire, wildfire, GEE - Google Earth Engine, Indonesia, CO2 - carbon dioxide
Wildland fires involve complicated processes that are challenging to represent in chemical transport models. Recent airborne measurements reveal remarkable chemical tomography in fresh wildland fire plumes, which remain yet to be fully explored using models. Here, we present a…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: tomography, plumes, wildfire, wildland fire, chemical transport model, O3 - ozone, HONO - nitrous acid, air quality
Wildfires are now a common feature of the western US, increasing in both intensity and number of acres burned over the last three decades. The effects of this changing wildfire and smoke landscape are a critical public and occupational health issue. While respiratory morbidity…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: air pollution, PM - particulate matter, male reproduction, epigenetics, needles
Living With Fire hosted a workshop on wildfire smoke and its potential health impacts. Featuring guests Chris Smallcomb, National Weather Service – Reno office meteorologist and public information officer, who discussed smoke forecasting and models utilized to predict smoke. And…
Person: Smallcomb, Schnieder
Year: 2021
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Safety, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, health impacts, smoke forecast, wildfires, atmospheric stability, HRRR-Smoke, AQI - Air Quality Index, public health, air pollution, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, O3 - ozone