Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 3626 - 3650 of 5834
Biomass-burning emissions (BBE) profoundly affect climate and air quality. BBE have been estimated using various methods, including satellite-based fire radiative power (FRP). However, BBE estimates show very large variability and the accuracy of emissions estimation is poorly…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: FRP - Fire Radiative Power, biomass burning, GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, CO - carbon monoxide, Sentinel-5, TROPOMI - TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument, ABI - Advanced Baseline Imager
Background
Health risks due to particulate matter (PM) from wildfires may differ from risk due to PM from other sources. In places frequently subjected to wildfire smoke, such as Reno, Nevada, it is critical to determine whether wildfire PM poses unique risks. Our goal was to…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Great Basin
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, asthma, Nevada, PM2.5, air quality, PM10, wildfires, emergency department visits, urgent care, Reno, interaction, GAM - generalized additive model
Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon is related to the use of fire to remove natural vegetation and install crop cultures or pastures. In this study, we evaluated the relation between deforestation, land-use and land-cover (LULC) drivers and fire emissions in the Apyterewa…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Brazil, Amazon, forest fires, deforestation, Amazonia, aerosols, Modis Imagery, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, PREP-CHEM-SRC, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, GEOBIA - Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis, land use, land cover
Impact of fire emissions on U.S. air quality from 1997 to 2016-a modeling study in the satellite era
A regional modeling system that integrates the state-of-the-art emissions processing (SMOKE), climate (CWRF), and air quality (CMAQ) models has been combined with satellite measurements of fire activities to assess the impact of fire emissions on the contiguous United States (…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International
Keywords: air quality, remote sensing, Canada, Mexico, WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ model, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, O3 - ozone
The launch of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Sumo-NPP satellite in 2011 ushered in a new era of using visible light and shortwave radiation at night to characterize aerosol and fire distributions from space. In order to exploit the full range…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California
Keywords: nighttime shortwave radiative transfer, VIIRS - Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, remote sensing of fire, aerosols, nocturnal, DNB - day-night band, AOD - aerosol optical depth
We provide major updates to the ‘top down’ Fire Radiative Energy Emissions (FREM) approach to biomass burning emissions calculations, bypassing the estimation of fuel consumption that is a major source of uncertainty in widely used ‘bottom up’ approaches. The FREM approach links…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, MAIAC - Multi‐angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction, AOD - aerosol optical depth, FRE - Fire Radiative Energy, SEVIRI - Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager, FRP - Fire Radiative Power, geostationary, fuel consumption, biomass burning
Alaskan wildfires are becoming more frequent and severe, but very little is known regarding exposure to wildfire smoke, a risk factor for respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses. We estimated long-term, present-day and future exposure to wildfire-related fine particulate matter…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Models, Safety
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: air pollution, human health, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, smoke exposure, public health, environmental justice, wildfires
The past decade includes some of the most extensive boreal forest fires in the historical record. Warming temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, the desiccation of thick organic soil layers, and increased ignition from lightning all contribute to a combustive combination…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: boreal forest, fire activity, biomass burning
Globally, wildfires are increasing in frequency and severity, exposing populations to toxic trace elements stored within forests. Trace element and Pb isotope compositions in aerosols (n = 87) from four major wildfires near Sydney, Australia (1994-2004) were evaluated (Mood’s…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Australia, lead, particles, legacy, metals, contaminants, public health
Background: Emergency services working to protect communities from harm during wildfires aim to provide regular public advisories on the hazards from fire and smoke. However, there are few studies evaluating the success of public health communications regarding the management of…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, wildfire, bushfire, public health, social media, Australia
The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer at the University of Toronto Atmospheric Observatory has been operational since 2002, collecting solar absorption spectra from which atmospheric trace gas profiles and columns are retrieved. The time series of total columns of…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, biomass burning, emission ratio, emission factor, FTIR - Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy , wildfires, plumes, CO - carbon monoxide, FLEXPART, HYSPLIT - Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory, GEOS-Chem
Vegetation fires play an important role in global and regional carbon cycles. Due to climate warming and land‐use shifts, fire patterns are changing and fire impacts increasing in many of the world’s regions. Reducing uncertainties in carbon budgeting calculations from fires is…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: carbon emissions, charcoal, wildfires, carbon accounting, ash, vegetation fires
Fire emissions of gases and aerosols alter atmospheric composition and have substantial impacts on climate, ecosystem function, and human health. Warming climate and human expansion in fire‐prone landscapes exacerbate fire impacts and call for more effective management tools.…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: VPD - vapor pressure deficit, ocean climate indices, ENSO - El Nino Southern Oscillation, autoregression, statistical model, fire forecasting, emission prediction
In this paper, ambient total suspended particulates (TSP) with a focus on humic-like substances (HULIS) are characterized based on intensive ground-based field samplings collected in Malaysia during nonhaze and haze periods caused by peatland fires on the Indonesian island of…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, peatland fires, HULIS - humic-like substances, WSOC - water soluble organic carbon, EEM - excitation emission matrix, Indonesia, Sumatra, Malaysia, TSP - total suspended particulate matter
In October 2017, hundreds of wildfires ravaged the forests of the north and centre of Portugal. The fires were fanned by strong winds as tropical storm Ophelia swept the Iberian coast, dragging up smoke (together with Saharan dust from north-western Africa) into higher western…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Portugal, PM10, wildfires, mortality, exposure assessment
Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE) - Final Report to the Joint Fire Science Program
The Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) and the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) initiated the Fire and Smoke Model Experiment (FASMEE) (https://sites.google.com/firenet.gov/fasmee/) by funding Project 15-S-01-01 to identify and collect a set of…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FASMEE - Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment, project management, large fire, experiments, fuel consumption, smoke modeling, fire modeling, energy release, plume rise, smoke transport, smoke dispersion, chemistry
Aerosol emissions from forest fires may impact cloud droplet activation through an increase in particle number concentrations (“the number effect”) and also through a decrease in the hygroscopicity κ of the entire aerosol population (“the hygroscopicity effect”) when fully…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Rocky Mountain
Keywords: aerosols, aerosol-cloud interaction, aerosol activation, WRF-Chem, clouds, wildfires
Background:
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during wildfire seasons has been associated with adverse health outcomes. Previous studies have focused on daily exposure, but PM2.5 levels in smoke events can vary considerably within 1 d.
Objectives:
We aimed to assess…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: wildfire, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, public health, Canada, British Columbia, smoke exposure, ambulance, respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease
Rationale: In late October 2003, Southern California wildfires burned more than 3,000 km2. The wildfires produced heavy smoke that affected several communities participating in the University of Southern California Children's Health Study (CHS).
Objectives: To study the acute…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): California
Keywords: air pollution, air quality, asthma, PM10, wildfire
In the southern hemisphere summer of 2019–20, Australia experienced its most severe bushfire season on record. Smoke from fires affected 80% of the population, with large and prolonged exceedances of the Australian National Air Quality Standard for fine particulate matter (PM2.5…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Logistics, Planning, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, Australia, smartphone app, digital technology, air quality, public health, AirRater, smoke exposure
Fire is used extensively in prairie grassland management in the Flint Hills region of the midwestern United States, particularly at the end of the dormant season (March-April). A model is used to manage grassland fires in the region to avoid deterioration of air quality beyond…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Models
Region(s): Rocky Mountain
Keywords: Kansas, air quality, Flint Hills, grasslands, UAS - Unmanned Aircraft System, grass biomass, tallgrass prairie, land management
Wildfires are disturbances that affect forest structure and dynamics. Forests and the atmosphere interact in different ways; one is by emitting carbon (C) through wildfires and recapturing it by photosynthesis of regrowing vegetation. Estimation of C emissions and uptake allows…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: carbon loss, forest recovery, greenhouse gases, sequestered carbon, Patagonia, Argentina, Austrocedrus chilensis, cypress
A physics/chemistry-based numerical model for predicting the emission of fine particles from wildfires is proposed. This model implements the fundamental mechanisms of soot formation in a combustion environment: soot nucleation, surface growth, agglomeration, oxidation, and…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: emission factor, wildfire modeling, soot formation, particulate emissions, fire simulations, HIGRAD, FIRETEC
This work presents the results of a virtual reality (VR) experiment aiming at investigating how individual driving behaviour is affected by the presence of wildfire smoke. The experiment included a driving simulation task to study the chosen driving speed at different smoke…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Safety, Social Science
Region(s): International
Keywords: driving speed, driving behavior, wildfires, smoke density, evacuation traffic modelling, Sweden
Fuels are highly variable and dynamic in space and time, and fuel loading can vary considerably even within fine spatial scales and within specific fuel types, such as downed wood or organic soils. Given this inherent variability in fuel loadings, it is not good practice to…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: FCCS fuelbeds, fuel loading, emission estimates, fuel type, fuel layers, SEMIP - Smoke and Emissions Model Intercomparison Project, NAWFD - North American Wildland Fuels Database, LANDFIRE