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Exposure to wildland fire smoke is associated with negative effects on human health. However, these effects are poorly quantified. Accurately attributing health endpoints to wildland fire smoke requires determining the locations, concentrations, and durations of smoke events.…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Social Science
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: social media, Facebook, smoke exposure, PM2.5, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, WRF-Chem, wildfires, air quality, LFS - landscape fire smoke, PM - particulate matter, regression models, Google Trends

The first observations of smoke-induced density currents originating from large wildfires are presented. Using a novel mobile Doppler lidar and additional in situ measurements, we document a deep (~ 2 km) smoke-filled density current that propagates more than 25 km at speeds up…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California
Keywords: cold smoke, Doppler lidar, smoke dispersion, wildfires, density current

Forest fire emissions have a strong impact on the concentrations of trace gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. In order to quantify the influence of boreal forest fire emissions on the atmospheric composition, the fire seasons of 1997 and 1998 are compared in this paper. Fire…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Mapping, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: boreal forests, wildfires, Siberia, Canada, ATSR - Along Track Scanning Radiometer, burned area, aerosols, transport model, CO - carbon monoxide

Forest fire emissions have a strong impact on the concentrations of trace gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. In order to quantify the influence of boreal forest fire emissions on the atmospheric composition, the fire seasons of 1997 and 1998 are compared in this paper. Fire…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models, Weather
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: ENSO - El Nino Southern Oscillation, precipitation, N - nitrogen, nitrogen deposition, climate variability, wavelet analysis

Wildland fire smoke is a complex mixture of air contaminants that have the potential cause adverse health effects. Individuals can be exposed occupationally if they work as wildland firefighters or public exposure from ambient air that is contaminated with smoke from a nearby or…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: smoke exposure, human health, firefighters, public health, air pollution impacts

Smoke caused by wildland fire events is an important public health issue, involving major risks to the health of people and the environment. Smoke from wildland fires can travel hundreds of kilometers, affecting air quality far from the flames. Through a partnership with Health…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, Manitoba, air quality, AQHI - Air Quality Health Index, wildfires, public health, heat

Southeastern France is the most wildfire prone region of the country, covering 14.7 percent of its land area-entire country, is the region most affected by wildfires, with 55 percent of the total number of fires recorded in the whole country from 2006 to 2008. It is a typical…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Social Science, Weather, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): International
Keywords: France, fire management, political consequences, social consequences, fire regimes, large fires

Prescribed burns of winter wheat stubble and Kentucky bluegrass fields in northern Idaho and eastern Washington states (U.S.A.) were sampled using ground-, aerostat-, airplane-, and laboratory-based measurement platforms to determine emission factors, compare methods, and…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Northern Rockies, Northwest
Keywords: agricultural burning, emission factors, wheat, bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis, PM - particulate matter, VOC - volatile organic compounds, PAH - polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, PCDD - polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, PCDF - polychlorinated dibenzofurans, PM2.5, organic carbon, modified combustion action, Washington, Idaho

Background: Cardiovascular health effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure from wildfire smoke are neither definitive nor consistent with PM2.5 from other air pollution sources. Non-comparability among wildfire health studies limits research conclusions. Methods: We…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: North Carolina, peat fires, cardiopulmonary, health effects, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, respiratory effects, cardiovascular effects, hypertension, syndromic surveillance, public health, smoke effects, wildfires, health factors, fire management, forest management, smoke management

The biological effect of particles on respiratory epithelial cells involves, in part, the generation of an oxidative stress and a consequent cascade of reactions culminating in inflammatory mediator release. Whether there is either an immediate, transitory activation or a…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air pollution, inflammation, lung diseases, oxidants, PM - particulate matter, air quality

Background: In June 2008, burning peat deposits produced haze and air pollution far in excess of National Ambient Air Quality Standards, encroaching on rural communities of eastern North Carolina. Although the association of mortality and morbidity with exposure to urban air…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: cardiopulmonary, health effects, wildfire, smoke exposure, satellite data, syndromic surveillance

Background: Characterizing factors which determine susceptibility to air pollution is an important step in understanding the distribution of risk in a population and is critical for setting appropriate policies. We evaluate general and specific measures of community health as…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: North Carolina, asthma, air pollution, air quality, heart failure, climate change, wildfires, disparities and susceptibility, public health

Background: Emissions from a large peat fire in North Carolina in 2008 were associated with increased hospital admissions for asthma and the rate of heart failure in the exposed population. Peat fires often produce larger amounts of smoke and last longer than forest fires,…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: North Carolina, peat fires, toxicity, cardiopulmonary, PM - particulate matter, lung inflammation, wildfires, cardiac perfusion

Wildland firefighters in the United States are occupationally exposed to high levels of woodsmoke. Results from experimental studies show that exposure to woodsmoke induces inflammation. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of occupational woodsmoke exposure on…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: inflammation, firefighter safety, firefighter health, smoke exposure, PM2.5, CO - carbon monoxide, biomarkers, wood smoke, interleukin-8, blood sample

The article focuses on chemistry and toxicity of emissions generated from diesel and biomass combustion. Topics discussed include concerns pertaining to air quality of different urban areas across the globe, association of long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) with…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: DEP - diesel engine exhaust, biomass burning, biomass combustion, toxicity, chemistry, organic compounds, PM - particulate matter, lung inflammation, wildfires, aerosols

The biological effect of an inorganic particle (i.e., silica) can be associated with a disruption in cell iron homeostasis. Organic compounds included in particles originating from combustion processes can also complex sources of host cell iron to disrupt metal homeostasis. We…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Eastern
Keywords: wood smoke, experimental burn, human health, inorganic particle, particles, humic acid, statistical analysis

Objectives: Human exposure to wood smoke particles (WSP) impacts on human health through changes in indoor air quality, exposures from wild fires, burning of biomass and air pollution. This investigation tested the postulate that healthy volunteers exposed to WSP would…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: wood smoke, particles, PM - particulate matter, biomass burning, human health, air pollution, pulmonary inflammation, health impacts, wildfires

A new WRF-CMAQ two-way coupled model was developed to provide a pathway for chemical feedbacks from the air quality model to the meteorological model. The essence of this interaction is focused on the direct radiative effects of scattering and absorbing aerosols in the…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California
Keywords: WRF - Weather Research and Forecasting, CMAQ - Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System, air quality, coupled models, aerosols, AOD - aerosol optical depth, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

To understand the effect of leaf-surface pesticides on emissions of PCDD/F during biomass burns, nine combustion experiments simulating the open burning of biomass were conducted. Needles and branches of Pinus taeda (Loblolly pine) were sprayed with the pesticide 2,4-…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, biomass burning, 2,4-D, PCDD - polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, PCDF - polychlorinated dibenzofurans, experimental burn, pesticides

Aerosol optical properties of biomass burning emissions are critical parameters determining how these emissions impact the Earth's climate. Despite their importance, field measurements of aerosol optical properties from fires remain scarce. Aerosol emissions from prescribed…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, black carbon, aerosol optical properties, PM2.5, emission factors, South Carolina, Florida

Both long duration (>6 h) and high temperature (up to 139 °C) sampling efforts were conducted using ambient air sampling methods to determine if either high volume throughput or higher than ambient air sampling temperatures resulted in loss of target polychlorinated…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, PCDD - polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, PCDF - polychlorinated dibenzofurans, open burning, quality control, air samples

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) was combusted at different charge sizes, fuel moisture, and chlorine content to determine the effect on emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) as well as copollutants CO, PM, and total hydrocarbons…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: biomass burning, combustion, fuel moisture, air quality, C - carbon, chemistry, hydrocarbons, sampling, toxicity, loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, North Carolina, fire management, fuel management, SFP - Southern Fire Portal, PCDD - polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, PCDF - polychlorinated dibenzofurans, PM - particulate matter

Size-resolved aerosol composition measurements were conducted at a coastal site in central California during the Nucleation in California Experiment (NiCE) between July and August of 2013. The site is just east of ship and marine emission sources and is also influenced by…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Aquatic, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California
Keywords: biomass burning, aerosol, composition, soil

In this study, volatile and semi-volatile organic compound (VOCs and SVOCs) mass emission factors were determined from laboratory peat fire experiments. The peat samples originated from two National Wildlife Refuges on the coastal plain of North Carolina, U.S.A. Gas- and…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: peat, North Carolina, VOC - volatile organic compounds, biomass burning, organic soil, emission factors, air pollutants, organic carbon, PAH - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Peat cores collected from two locations in eastern North Carolina (NC, USA) were burned in a laboratory facility to characterize emissions during simulated field combustion. Particle and gas samples were analyzed to quantify emission factors for particulate matter (PM2.5),…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: gas emissions, particle emissions, peat, North Carolina, laboratory fires, PCDD - polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, PCDF - polychlorinated dibenzofurans, PAH - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PM2.5, CO - carbon monoxide, carbon