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An issue of great concern on federal lands is wildland fires, which have increased in frequency and strength over the past few decades as a possible consequence of climate change. Modeling wildfires under an evolving climate is challenging: there are disparate spatial and…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Models, Weather
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: climate change, air quality, fuel load, NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards, fire activity

Robust low-cost sampler systems allowing for monitoring of air pollutants important for air quality resulting from forest fires and urban/agricultural activities in remote locations were tested and developed. The main emphasis was placed on passive samplers for ozone and…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): California
Keywords: air pollutants, air quality, plume dispersion, haze, McNally Fire

Smoke from bushfires is an emerging issue for fire managers because of increasing evidence for its public health effects. Development of forecasting models to predict future pollution levels based on the relationship between bushfire activity and current pollution levels would…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Monitoring and Inventory, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: Australia, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, wildfires, pollution, air pollution, wind, forecasting, particulates

Smouldering ground fires have severe environmental implications. Their main effects are the release of large amounts of carbon to the atmosphere with loses of organic soil and its biota. Quantitative data on the behaviour of smouldering wildfires are very scarce and are needed…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: carbon emissions, charcoal, combustion, ground fires, infrared imagery, Andes, Peru, smoldering fires, peatlands, fuel consumption

When it comes to unnecessary risk and exposure to heat, smoke, fatigue, and noise, could you be a “Bad Ass” or a “Dumb Ass”? Maybe it’s time you put a pinch of practical in your tactical pause. George Broyles, Fire and Fuels Project Leader for the U.S. Forest Service’s National…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety, Social Science
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: LLC - Lessons Learned Center, firefighter health, firefighter safety, smoke exposure, heat stress, heat-related illness, fatigue, noise, safety zone

Little is known about the combined impacts of global environmental changes and ecological disturbances on ecosystem functioning, even though such combined impacts might play critical roles in shaping ecosystem processes that can in turn feed back to climate change, such as soil…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California
Keywords: N2O - nitrous oxide, soil CO2, CO2 - carbon dioxide, climate change, nitrification, wildfires, grasslands, oxidation, ecosystem functions, greenhouse gas, soils, mineralization

Biomass energy produced as a byproduct of forest clearing is increasingly being advocated in the western United States as a “win-win” for reducing fire risks and replacing fossil fuels. Many assumptions that justify thinning and biomass approaches, however, need to be…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: thinning, greenhouse gas emissions, biomass, climate change, fire-adapted ecosystems

Wildfire episodes pose a significant public health threat in the United States. Adverse health impacts associated with wildfires occur near the burn area as well as in places far downwind due to wildfire smoke exposures. Health effects associated with exposure to particulate…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: public health, PM - particulate matter, vulnerable populations, tool, population risk analysis

This study shows the influence of two large wildfires (one of which was the largest wildfire ever recorded in the region of Castilla y León) in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula upon the atmospheric air quality of the city of León, Spain, at approximately 70 km from the…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: Spain, aerosols, radiative forcing, respirable fraction, subsidence inversion, wildfires, smoke plumes, air quality, PM - particulate matter, health impacts

Resolving environmental impacts caused by the wildland–urban interface (WUI) expansion such as wildlife habitat fragmentation, or increased fire risk entails an accurate delineating of WUI boundary and its dynamics prediction. This study identified WUIs throughout the 11 states…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Intelligence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory, Social Science, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: wildfires, air quality, Alabama, Arkansas, fire damage (property), fire frequency, fire intensity, fire suppression, Florida, fragmentation, Kentucky, Georgia, land management, landscape ecology, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, population density, remote sensing, rural communities, SFP - Southern Fire Portal, South Carolina, statistical analysis, Tennessee, urban habitats, vegetation surveys, Virginia, water quality, wildlife, wildlife habitat management

The contaminated ground surface at Savannah River Site (SRS) is a result of the decades of work that has been performed maintaining the country's nuclear stockpile and performing research and development on nuclear materials. The volatilization of radionuclides during wildfire…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: South Carolina, radioecology, atmospheric dispersion, radioactive dose, wildfires, smoke plumes

An experimental and numerical study was carried out to assess the performance of the different submodels and parameters used to describe the burning dynamics of wildfires. A multiphase formulation was used and compared to static fires of dried pitch pine needles of different…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: multiphase, forced flow, porosity, LES - Large Eddy Simulation, heat transfer, char

The Fire and Environmental Research Applications team has completed a set of online tutorials, instructor’s guides and student workbooks to help land managers use the Natural Fuels Photo Series, Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS), Consume 3.0, and Fire Emissions…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: Natural Fuels Photo Series, FCCS - Fuel Characteristic Classification System, CONSUME, FEPS - Fire Emissions Production Simulator, land management

This study focused on prioritization of fuel reduction treatments in fire-prone landscapes with diverse ownership patterns. In the first phase, the study implemented mail survey and contingent valuation (CV) methods to identify Mississippi’s landowner attitudes towards wildfires…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: contingent valuation, cost, fuel reduction treatments, mail survey, optimization, monetary valuation, wildfires, WTP - willingness to pay

BlueSkyRAINS is a smoke modeling system that allows users to view smoke forecasts from fire. These smoke predictions have a large number of potential uses, from informing go/no-go decisions on prescribed fires to wildland fire use/wildfire categorization decisions to information…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: BlueSkyRAINS, smoke management

In a pair of review papers, Potter (2012a, 2012b) summarized the significant fire weather research findings over about the past hundred years. Our scientific understanding of wildland fire-atmosphere interactions has evolved: from simple correlations supporting the notion that…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire-atmosphere interaction, fire meteorology, NEXRAD doppler radar images, microclimate

Convection and downbursts are connected meteorological phenomena with the potential to affect fire behavior and thereby alter the evolution of a wildland fire. Meteorological phenomena related to convection and down-bursts are often discussed in the context of fire behavior and…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: convection, downburst, atmospheric dynamics, meteorological factors

Smoke can manifest itself as a towering plume rising against the clear blue sky-or as a vast swath of thick haze, with fingers that settle into valleys overnight. It comes in many forms and colors, from fluffy and white to thick and black. Smoke plumes can rise high into the…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Safety
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, International
Keywords: public health, air quality, smoke particulates, PM - particulate matter, Canada, British Columbia, smoke plumes, superfog

Past and current forest management affects wildland fire smoke impacts on downwind human populations. However, mismatches between the scale of benefits and risks make it difficult to proactively manage wildland fires to promote both ecological and public health. Building on…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Mapping, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Safety, Social Science
Region(s): California
Keywords: 2013 Rim Fire, air quality, PM - particulate matter, socioecological systems, wildfires, wildland fire, Sierra Nevada, fire management, NOAA Hazard Mapping System, public health, PM2.5

Emissions of aerosols and gases from fires have been shown to adversely affect US air quality at local to regional scales as well as downwind regions far away from the source. In addition, smoke from fires negatively affects humans, ecosystems, and climate. Recent observations…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: simulation, predictions, Community Earth System Model, area burned, air quality, O3 - ozone, PM2.5

In the last few decades, the number of people living in fire-prone ecosystems has increased, placing more people and private property at risk to future fire events. Substantial research has demonstrated consistent public support for the use of prescribed fires in fuel-reduction…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Southern
Keywords: Shasta-Trinity National Forest, Kootenai National Forest, Fremont-Winema National Forest, Francis Marion National Forest, Sumter National Forest, public perceptions, wildfires, smoke management, air quality

Smouldering fires in peatland are different from the flames in wildland fires. Smouldering peat fire is slow, low-temperature and more persistent, releasing large amounts of smoke into the atmosphere. In this work, we experimentally and computationally investigate the vertical…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: smoldering fires, carbon emissions, fire spread, rate of spread, peatland

We estimate the global Hg wildfire emissions for the 2000s and the potential impacts from the 2000–2050 changes in climate, land use and land cover and Hg anthropogenic emissions by combining statistical analysis with global data on vegetation type and coverage as well as fire…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: biomass burning, climate change, land use, land cover, Hg - mercury

Fire is an inevitable and ecologically important process that maintains the health of forest ecosystems in the Western United States. A century of fire suppression has increased fuel loads to the point that inevitable wildfires often burn too fast and too hot to be contained,…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): California, Great Basin
Keywords: 2013 Rim Fire, air quality, land management, smoke management, Yosemite National Park

In July 2002, lightning strikes ignited over 250 fires in Quebec, Canada, destroying over one million hectares of forest. The smoke plume generated from the fires had a major impact on air quality across the east coast of the U.S. Using data from the Medicare National Claims…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: air pollution, Canada, Quebec, wildfires, climate change, remote sensing, PM2.5, hospitalizations, health impacts