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Fire modeling and information system technology play an important supporting role in fuel and fire management. Modeling is used to examine alternative fuel treatment options, project potential ecosystem changes, and assess risk to life and property. Models are also used to…
Person:
Year: 2001
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fuel models, wildland fire, fire spread, fuel management, air quality, biomass, catastrophic fires, computer program, crown fires, ecosystem dynamics, erosion, fire injuries (plants), evolution, fire management, flame length, fuel loading, fuel types, GIS - geographic information system, mineral soil, ignition, rate of spread, remote sensing, mortality, surface fires, season of fire, thinning, water quality, wildfires, wildlife habitat management

Attitudes and policies concerning wildland fire, fire use, and fire management have changed greatly since early European settlers arrived in North America. Active suppression of wildfires accelerated early in the 20th Century, and areas burned dropped dramatically. In recent…
Person:
Year: 2001
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Communications, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: JFSP - Joint Fire Science Program, fire policy, research needs, fuel management, air quality, ecosystem dynamics, fire frequency, fire hazard reduction, fire intensity, fire management, fire management planning, fire models, fire regimes, fire suppression, fire weather, fuel loading, GIS - geographic information system, fuel moisture, remote sensing, season of fire, site treatments, smoke management, vegetation surveys, wildfires

An Autonomous Fire Detector (AFD) is a miniature electronic package combining position location capability [using the Global Positioning System (GPS)], communications (packet or voice-synthesized radio), and fire detection capability (thermal, gas, smoke detector) into an…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Intelligence, Logistics, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire, Safety, Weather, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: remote sensing, fire detection, fire monitoring, field systems, local fire detection, AFD - Autonomous Fire Detector , CO - carbon monoxide, computer program, fire equipment, fire management, fire suppression, fire weather, firefighting personnel, GPS - global positioning system, wildfires, wind

The feasibility and fundamentals of forest fire detection by smoke sensing with single-wavelength lidar are discussed with reference to results of 532-nm lidar measurements of smoke plumes from experimental forest fires in Portugal within the scope of the Gestosa 2001 project.…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: remote sensing, Portugal, Gestosa, fire management, fire suppression, smoke behavior, smoke management, statistical analysis, wildfires

Fire regimes were reconstructed from fire-scarred trees on five large forested study sites (135-810 ha) on the North and South Rims at Grand Canyon National Park. Adequacy of sampling was tested with cumulative sample curves, effectiveness of fire recording on individual trees,…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Weather
Region(s): Southwest
Keywords: Gambel oak, ponderosa pine, Grand Canyon National Park, mixed conifer, Kaibab Plateau, Coconino Plateau, modern calibration, Abies concolor, Arizona, biogeography, burning intervals, climatology, coniferous forests, dendrochronology, distribution, drought, elevation, European settlement, fire exclusion, fire frequency, fire injuries (plants), fire management, fire regimes, fire scar analysis, fire size, forest management, fuel accumulation, fuel loading, hardwoods, landscape ecology, national forests, national parks, Native Americans, pine forests, Pinus ponderosa, population density, Populus tremuloides, Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Quercus gambelii, Robinia, sampling, season of fire, smoke management, statistical analysis, surface fires, wilderness fire management, wildfires

Changes in ecological concepts and a new focus on biodiversity as a central objective have led to changes in fire policies in South African savanna parks. Prescribed burning using fixed fire intervals is being replaced by systems that promote more variable fire regimes and…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire management planning, fire policy, savannas, South Africa, Kruger National Park, Africa, arid regions, Australia, burning intervals, CO2 - carbon dioxide, community ecology, conservation, cover, distribution, ecosystem dynamics, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire management, fire regimes, fire size, fuel loading, grasses, grazing, landscape ecology, lightning, mesic soils, mosaic, national parks, overstory, population density, post-fire recovery, species diversity, succession, woody plants

Savannas form a large fraction of the total tropical vegetation and are extremely fire prone. We measured radiative, energy and carbon exchanges over unburned and burned (both before and after low and moderate intensity fires) open forest savanna at Howard Springs, Darwin,…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire intensity, albedo, Australia, Northern Territory of Australia, surface energy exchanges, Howard Springs, eddy covariance, biomass, C - carbon, CO2 - carbon dioxide, char, crown fires, crown scorch, ecosystem dynamics, Eucalyptus miniata, evapotranspiration, Eucalyptus tetrodonta, fire exclusion, fire frequency, fire management, fire regimes, flame length, fuel loading, fuel moisture, fuel types, grasses, grasslands, heat, moisture, nutrient cycling, overstory, post-fire recovery, savannas, scorch, tropical forest, understory vegetation, wildfires, woody fuels

Considerable research has been undertaken over the past two decades to apply remote sensing to the study of fire regimes across the savannas of northern Australia. This work has focused on two spatial scales of imagery resolution: coarse-resolution NOAA-AVHRR imagery for savanna…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Intelligence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire regimes, remote sensing, Landsat, NOAA-AVHRR, Australia, aborigines, air quality, fire frequency, fire management, fire size, mosaic, Northern Territory of Australia, precipitation, prehistoric fires, Queensland, savannas, season of fire, statistical analysis, wildfires

In situ aircraft measurements of trace gases and aerosols were made in the boundary layer (BL) and free troposphere (FT) over Indonesia and Australia during the Biomass Burning and Lightning Experiment (BIBLE)-A and B conducted in August-October 1998 and 1999. Concentrations of…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Monitoring and Inventory, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: lightning, Indonesia, Australia, biomass burning, atmospheric chemistry, aerosols, air quality, biomass, chemistry, climatology, ENSO - El Nino Southern Oscillation, fire management, gases, hydrocarbons, N - nitrogen, ozone, seasonal activities, statistical analysis, surface fires, wildfires

Forest fires are an important source of various gases and particles emitted into the atmosphere that may affect the air quality on a local and/or larger scale. Currently, there is a growing awareness that smoke from wildland fires exposes individuals and populations to hazardous…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fuels, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, fire progression, smoke dispersion, Portugal, plume dispersion, photochemical pollution, biomass, CO - carbon monoxide, chemistry, climatology, coniferous forests, Europe, fire management, fuel types, gases, herbaceous vegetation, CH4 - methane, needles, particulates, Pinus elliottii, pollution, rate of spread, shrubs, smoke behavior, smoke effects, soil management, statistical analysis, wildfires, wind

Fire management systems are being developed in many tropical countries, including Indonesia and Malaysia. As part of that development, this study set out to develop a fuel classification system and map for Malaysia and western Indonesia. We developed a template of fuel…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Mapping, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire management, fuel classification, Indonesia, tropics, fire danger rating, fuel mapping, Malaysia, Sumatra, agriculture, air quality, bibliographies, cover, crowns, deciduous plants, distribution, evergreens, fine fuels, fire intensity, flame length, forest edges, fuel management, fuel moisture, fuel types, GIS - geographic information system, grasses, grasslands, heavy fuels, herbaceous vegetation, leaves, litter, logging, mineral soil, mortality, mosaic, native species, organic soils, overstory, partial cutting, peat, plantations, rainforests, rate of spread, second growth forests, shrublands, size classes, slash, slash and burn, smoke management, soil organic matter, soils, stand characteristics, surface fires, surface fuels, tropical forest, vines, woody fuels

The problem of eye safety in lidar-assisted wildland fire detection and investigation is considered as a problem of reduction of the hazard range within which the laser beam is dangerous for direct eye exposure. The dependence of this hazard range on the lidar characteristics is…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Intelligence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: remote sensing, Portugal, Gestosa, Europe, field experimental fires, fire hazard reduction, fire suppression, smoke behavior, smoke management, statistical analysis, wilderness fire management, wildfires

Currently, there is a growing awareness that smoke produced during forest fires can expose individuals and populations to hazardous concentrations of air pollutants. Aiming to contribute to a better understanding of the air pollution phenomenon associated with forest fires, this…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, Portugal, forest fire emissions

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA Earth Observing System Terra and Aqua satellites provides global fire observations of unprecedented quality. This paper presents spatial and temporal distributions of active fires from 2001 and 2002, the…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: diurnal cycle, land cover, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, time series, satellite remote sensing, annual cycle, global fire activity, North America, South America, Africa, agriculture, Asia, Australia, coniferous forests, deciduous forests, distribution, ecosystem dynamics, Europe, evergreens, fire danger rating, fire frequency, fire management, forest management, gases, climate change, grasslands, herbaceous vegetation, natural areas management, population density, remote sensing, season of fire, savannas, shrublands, temperature, urban habitats, vegetation surveys, wetlands, wildfires

The classification of savanna fires into headfire and backfire types can in theory help in assessing pollutant emissions to the atmosphere via relative apportionment of the amounts of smouldering and flaming combustion occurring, and is also important when assessing a fire's…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: carbon, fire, intensity, radiative energy, global emission budgets

Previous studies of the effects of heating on soil hydrophobicity have been conducted under free availability of oxygen. Under fire, however, soils may be deprived of oxygen due to its consumption at the heat source and inadequate replenishment in the soil. In the present study…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: black carbon, hydrophobicity, soil heating, Australia, water repellency, eucalypt, air quality, C - carbon, combustion, eucalyptus, heat, heat effects, hydrology, national parks, New South Wales, nitrogen, oxygen, sclerophyll forests, soil management, soil nutrients, soil organic matter, soil temperature, soils, surface fires, Victoria, water, water repellent soils, wildfires

The effect of high temperatures and smoke on germination was tested on the shrubland Leguminosae species, Adenocarpus lainzii, Cytisus scoparius, Cytisus striatus, Genista berberidea, Genista triacanthos, and Pterospartum tridentatum, which are abundant and widely distributed…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: wildfire, reproductive behavior, thermal shock, Atlantic shrubland, endemisms, Iberian Peninsula

Fluxes of water vapor, heat, and carbon dioxide associated with a prescribed grass fire were documented quantitatively using a 43-m instrumented flux tower within the burn perimeter and a tethered balloon sounding system immediately downwind of the fire. The measurements…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: grass fire, heat, smoke measurements, CO2 flux, water vapor

The boreal region stores a large proportion of the world's terrestrial carbon (C) and is subject to high-intensity, stand-replacing wildfires that release C and nitrogen (N) stored in biomass and soils through combustion. While severity and extent of fires drives overall…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: boreal forest, carbon, N - nitrogen, organic layer, soil, allometric equations, black spruce, Picea mariana, fuel consumption, adventitious roots

The flammability and combustibility of plant communities are determined by species features related to growth-form, structure and physiology. In some ecosystems, such as the Mediterranean ones, these characteristics may contribute to the existence of fire-prone species. We…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire regimes, fuel loading, resprouting, Mediterranean basin, seeder, combustibility, air temperature, combustion, dead fuels, ecosystem dynamics, Spain, fine fuels, fire management, flame length, flammability, fuel management, heavy fuels, histories, leaves, Mediterranean habitats, moisture, physiology, plant communities, post-fire recovery, regeneration, seed dispersal, shrublands, shrubs, temperature, wildfires, woody plants

Vegetation fires produce biomass combustion residues, with color varying from dark black char to white mineral ash. The color-lightness of char and ash combustion residues is a qualitative parameter describing the post-fire condition of burned areas, and has been correlated with…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass combustion, Australia, residues, air quality, ash, biomass, char, combustion, fire intensity, fire management, Northern Territory of Australia, particulates, research, smoke management, statistical analysis, wildfires

The main purpose of this paper is to present a fire behaviour system, developed to estimate fire progression, smoke dispersion and visibility impairment, at a local scale, and to evaluate its performance by comparing results with measurements from the Gestosa 2004 experimental…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: pollutant concentrations, smoke dispersion, Portugal, DISPERFIRE, FireStation

We describe emission-transmission measurements performed at different heights in a flame from a cylindrical forest fuel burner, using a camera operating in the thermal infrared (7.5-13 µm). The forest fuel burner was made of a cylindrical wire mesh basket filled with a forest…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Mediterranean, radiation, soot, forest fires, Pinus pinaster, IR thermography

Historical evidence suggests that great wildfires burning in the Lake States and Canada can affect atmospheric conditions several hundred miles away (Smith 1950; Wexler 1950). Several 'dark' or 'yellow' days, as such events are commonly called, have been recorded, often with…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Intelligence, Models
Region(s): Eastern
Keywords: fire scars, wildfires, New England, dendrochronology, fire case histories, drought, fire injuries (plants), fire management, Pinus resinosa, precipitation, smoke management, wildfires

Australia is among the most fire-prone of continents. While national fire management policy is focused on irregular and comparatively smaller fires in densely settled southern Australia, this comprehensive assessment of continental-scale fire patterning (1997-2005) derived from…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: remote sensing, AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, fire mapping, greenhouse gas emissions, satellite imagery, Australia, biomass burning, savanna burning, aborigines, air quality, biomass, broadcast burning, distribution, elevation, fire size, fire management, fire frequency, forest management, fuel types, climate change, grasslands, human caused fires, ignition, land use, lightning, lightning caused fires, precipitation, savannas, shrublands, vegetation surveys