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The project addressed the following tasks: 1) Review and summarize the technical details of major FEIS. 2) Quantify the uncertainty of the components of burned area, fuel loading, and emission factors of each FEIS. 3) Quantify the uncertainty of emissions estimated by each FEIS…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models
Region(s): California, Northwest, Southwest
Keywords: FEIS - Fire Effects Information System, fuel loading, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, O3 - ozone, regional haze, NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Smoke emission models require a number of assumptions regarding turbulent transfer of gasses and particulates within and above the forest canopy. Some of these assumptions as well as model predictions can be evaluated using micrometeorological measurements during fires. However…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Eastern
Keywords: New Jersey, New Jersey Pinelands, energy balance, fuel consumption, pine barrens

The goal of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy of the commonly used ozone (O3) instrument (the ultraviolet (UV) photometer) against a Federal Reference Method (Nitric Oxide –chemiluminescence) for ozone measurement in wildfire smoke plumes. We carried out simultaneous ozone…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: O3 - ozone, UV photometer, NO-chemiluminescence, wildfires, smoke plumes, Oregon

Biomass burning is an important source to the atmosphere of carbonaceous particulate matter that impacts air quality, climate, and human health. The semivolatile nature of directly-emitted organic particulate matter can result in particle evaporation as smoke plumes dilute.…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: organic aerosols, biomass burning, phase partitioning, smog, plume, photooxidation, PM - particulate matter

The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the main driver of climate variability at mid to high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, affecting wildfire activity, which in turn pollutes the air and contributes to human health problems and mortality, and potentially provides strong…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire History
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire scars, AAO - Antarctic Oscillation, climate modes, warming, synchrony, South America

Canada is expected to see an increase in fire risk under future climate projections. Large fires, such as that near Fort McMurray, Alberta in 2016, can be devastating to the communities affected. Understanding the role of human emissions in the occurrence of such extreme fire…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Hazard and Risk
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, extremes, Alberta, event attribution, CFFDRS - Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System

This report highlights selected accomplishments by the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station's Wildland Fire and Fuels Research & Development projects in support of the National Fire Plan from 2008 through 2012. These projects are examples of the broad range of…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: NFP - National Fire Plan, fire science, fire management, fire research, science delivery

Fire frequency, extent, and size exhibit a strong linkage with climate conditions and play a vital role in the climate system. Previous studies have shown that the frequency of large fires in the western United States increased significantly since the mid-1980s due to climate…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Intelligence, Models
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: wildfires, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire size, C - carbon, climate change, remote sensing, fire management, forest management, smoke management, Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model, fire severity, burned area

Of particular concern to fire and air-quality management communities throughout the U.S. are the behavior and air-quality impacts of low-intensity prescribed fires for fuels management. For example, smoke from prescribed fires, which often occur in wildland-urban interface (WUI…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Eastern
Keywords: air quality, New Jersey

Introduction: Wildland fires degrade air quality and adversely affect human health. A growing body of epidemiology literature reports increased rates of emergency departments, hospital admissions and premature deaths from wildfire smoke exposure. Objective: Our research aimed to…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: health impacts, source apportionment, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, CMAQ - Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System, ozone, wildland fires, wildfires, human health, air quality, literature review, morbidity, mortality

The Great Dismal Swamp (GDS) National Wildlife Refuge delivers multiple ecosystem services, including air quality and human health via fire mitigation. Our analysis estimates benefits of this service through its potential to reduce catastrophic wildfire related impacts on the…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: fire mitigation, ecosystem services, Virginia, wildfires, human health, geospatial data, Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, air quality

Uncertainties associated with meteorological inputs which are propagated through atmospheric chemical transport models may constrain their ability to replicate the effects of wildland fires on air quality. Here we investigate the sensitivity of predicted fine particulate matter…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: fire simulations, air quality, PM - particulate matter, CMAQ - Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System, PM2.5

The goal of this project was to develop the Plume Dynamics and Meteorology portion of the Study Plan for the Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE). The Investigators participated in regular meetings with the other discipline leads, modeling leads, and the science…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: plume dynamics, FASMEE - Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment, meteorology

Fire is a major ecosystem disturbance that profoundly impacts vegetation dynamics, atmospheric trace gases and aerosol composition, climate, and the welfare of wildlife and human society. While climate is generally a critical driving factor shaping the occurrence, size, and…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire feedbacks, biomass burning, CO2 - carbon dioxide

The objective of FASMEE is to obtain measurements that can be used to evaluate and advance operational smoke models. Among the focus areas listed in the FON task statements are the modeling of fire growth, fire behavior, and plume development. In current operational models, the…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: DAYSMOKE, FIRETEC, WFDS - Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Dynamics Simulator, WRF - Weather Research and Forecasting, FASMEE - Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment, fire plumes

Wildfires and prescribed fires produce emissions that are harmful to human health. These health effects, however, are difficult to quantify, likely in part due to sparse data on exposure. The ability to measure fire emissions as they reach sensitive areas is critical to ensuring…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Rocky Mountain
Keywords: public health, air quality, OAS - Outdoor Aerosol Sampler, PM2.5, Colorado

This proposed study was in response to the Joint Fire Sciences FA-FON0016-0004 Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE) Task 5 -Modeling leads. The purpose was to evaluate Daysmoke and PB-Piedmont (PB-P) models to provide information for the FASMEE Phase 2 design.…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FASMEE - Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment, DAYSMOKE, smoke dispersion

Recent advancements in fire-atmosphere numerical modeling have increased the number of physical processes integrated into these coupled models. This greater complexity allows for more comprehensive representation of the coupled interactions and feedbacks between the fire and the…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Great Basin, Southwest
Keywords: FASMEE - Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment, WRF-SFIRE-CHEM, WRF-SFIRE

Biological activity and the physical environment regulate greenhouse gas fluxes (CH4, N2O and NO) from upland soils. Wildfires are known to alter these factors such that we collected daily weather records, fire return intervals, or specific fire years, and soil data of four…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Weather
Region(s): Rocky Mountain
Keywords: fire regimes, fire suppression, fire exclusion, Colorado Front Range, trace gases, soil, CH4 - methane, N2O - nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, nitrification, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, DAYCENT

The purpose of this study was to examine how exposure to two different types of plant-derived smoke (grass smoke and wood smoke) affects the germination of common native and invasive plants found in the northern Great Plains. First, we hypothesize that smoke (both grass-derived…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology
Region(s): Rocky Mountain
Keywords: germination, vegetation dynamics, grasses

Biomass burning emissions emit a significant amount of trace gases and aerosols and can affect atmospheric chemistry and radiative forcing for hundreds or thousands of kilometres downwind. They can also contribute to exceedances of air quality standards and have negative impacts…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Northwest, International
Keywords: Siberia, wildfires, air quality, smoke plume, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, O3 - ozone, PM2.5, Canada, British Columbia, fire plumes

Particulate matter emissions from wildfires affect climate, weather and air quality. However, existing global and regional aerosol emission estimates differ by a factor of up to 4 between different methods. Using a novel approach, we estimate daily total particulate matter (TPM…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International
Keywords: Canada, PM - particulate matter, wildfires, aerosols, HYSPLIT - Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, AOT - aerosol optical thickness, boreal forests, temperate forests, air quality

US surface O3 responds to varying global-to-regional precursor emissions, climate, and extreme weather, with implications for designing effective air quality control policies. We examine these conjoined processes with observations and global chemistry-climate model (GFDL-AM3)…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Asia, wildfires, O3 - ozone, ozone, surface ozone, climate change, isoprene emissions, air quality

Biomass burning (BB) is one of the most important contributors to atmospheric aerosols on a global scale, and wildfires are a large source of emissions that impact regional air quality and global climate. As part of the Biomass Burning Observation Project (BBOP) field campaign…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: wildfires, biomass burning, aerosols, organic aerosols, chemistry, organic compounds, mass spectrometry

The vast majority of Australia's fires occur in the tropical north of the continent during the dry season. These fires are a significant source of aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the region, providing a unique opportunity to investigate the biomass burning aerosol…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: Australia, savanna fires, aerosols, CCN - cloud condensation nuclei , biomass burning, BBA - biomass burning aerosol, Northern Territory of Australia, diurnal