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The British Columbia Asthma Monitoring System (BCAMS) tracks forest fire smoke exposure and asthma-related health outcomes, identifying excursions beyond expected daily counts. Weekly reports during the wildfire season support public health and emergency management decision-…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, British Columbia, asthma, PM2.5, wildfires, PM - particulate matter, exposure, public health, season of fire, air quality, diseases, particulates, fire management, smoke management

This study evaluates source attribution of ozone (O3) in the southeast United States (US) within O3 lamina observed by the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) system during June 2013. This research applies surface-level and…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: air quality, O3 - ozone, air pollution sources, LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, TOTALNet Lidar, GEOS-Chem

The Ventilation Climate Information System (VCIS) provides a web interface to a twice-daily, 40-year database of wind speed, mixing height and ventilation index for the United States at a spatial resolution of approximately 5km (Ferguson et al. 2003). This provides smoke…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: VCIS - Ventilation Climate Information System, wind speed, air quality

Wildfires take a heavy toll on human health worldwide. Climate change may increase the risk of wildfire frequency. Therefore, in view of adapted preventive actions, there is an urgent need to further understand the health effects and public awareness of wildfires. We conducted a…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: wildfires, wildfire exposure, health impacts, cardiorespiratory disease, fine particulate matter, PM2.5, health effects, air quality, diseases, health factors, particulates, fire management, smoke management, smoke effects

FireWork is an on-line, one-way coupled meteorology–chemistry model based on near-real-time wildfire emissions. It was developed by Environment and Climate Change Canada to deliver operational real-time forecasts of biomass-burning pollutants, in particular fine particulate…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International
Keywords: PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, air quality, Canada, air quality model, wildfire, pollution, FireWork

The interaction between smoke and air pollution creates a basic conflict between public health and fuels treatments. Fuels treatments (prescribed fire and mechanical removal) proposed for the National Forest lands are intended to reduce fuel accumulations and wildfire frequency…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Prescribed Fire, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fuels treatments, air pollution, air quality, public health

We utilize the NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke product for the period of 2005 to 2016 to develop climatology of smoke occurrence over the Continental United States (CONUS) region and to study the impact of wildland fires on particulate matter air quality at the surface. Our…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Mapping
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: biomass burning, air quality, PM - particulate matter, wildfires, NOAA Hazard Mapping System

The Wildland Fire Emissions Information System (WFEIS) was developed under NASA Carbon Cycle Science and Applications programs to provide a consistent approach to estimating emissions at continental to sub-continental scales (see http://wfeis.mtri.org). We present an overview of…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Intelligence, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: WFEIS - Wildland Fire Emissions Information System, web-based system, tools, wildfires, wildland fire, fuel consumption, burned area, CO2 - carbon dioxide

Most of climate change is understood in terms of global-scale warming caused by carbon dioxide released from anthropogenic combustion of fossil fuels. Climate models predict slow but steady warming over the next five to ten decades. Developing fire and smoke management…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Models, Planning
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: fire management, smoke management, climate change, arctic warming

The International Smoke Symposium was held in Hyattsville, Maryland at the University of Maryland University College, USA, October 21-24, 2013. The objective of this symposium was to bring together air quality, fire, and smoke specialists from the research community, non-…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: conference proceedings, fire management, smoke management, smoke exposure

A better understanding is needed of the contribution of wild-land fires vs. various anthropogenic activities (agriculture, traffic, etc.) to air quality from a perspective of exceedances of federal and state standards and a possibility of using prescribed fires as the fuel…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California
Keywords: air quality, O3 - ozone, NO2 - nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, nitric acid, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, BlueSky Modeling Framework

Wind erosion of soils burned by wildfire contributes substantial particulate matter (PM) in the form of dust to the atmosphere, but the magnitude of this dust source is largely unknown. It is important to accurately quantify dust emissions because they can impact human health,…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northwest
Keywords: PM10, wind erosion, wildfires, dust, WindNinja, post-fire erosion, burned soil, PM - particulate matter

Air quality regulations have the goal of reducing haze in national parks and wilderness areas to natural conditions and require that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) be reduced below a threshold that adversely impacts health. The federally funded and managed Interagency…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, IMPROVE, biomass burning

Understanding the effect of wildfire smoke exposure on human health represents a unique interdisciplinary challenge to the scientific community. Population health studies indicate that wildfire smoke is a risk to human health and increases the healthcare burden of smoke-impacted…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: wildfires, particulates, air quality, exposure, human health, inhalation irritants, toxicology, literature review

Recent growth in the frequency and severity of US wildfires has led to more wildfire smoke and increased public exposure to harmful air pollutants. Populations exposed to wildfire smoke experience a variety of negative health impacts, imposing economic costs on society. However…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: public health, benefit transfer, protocol, fire frequency, air pollution

Reliable estimates of pre-burn biomass and fuel consumption are important to estimate wildland fire emissions and assist in prescribed burn planning. We present empirical models for predicting fuel consumption in natural fuels from 60 prescribed fires in ponderosa pine-dominated…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Northwest, Southern
Keywords: biomass, fuel consumption, Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii, loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, longleaf pine, Pinus palustris, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, southern pine forests, smoke management, wildland fire

Carbonaceous aerosols, which include contributions from industrial and mobile source emissions and biomass combustion, exert a significant impact on regional air quality. Some preliminary semi-quantitative analyses suggest that smoke from fire-related activity may contribute…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, air quality, PM2.5, visibility

Our project focused on the effects of smoke on tree roosting bats, in particular the endangered Indiana bat and the effects of fire on foraging and roosting behavior and habitat. The project, to date, has resulted in two papers published in the peer-reviewed literature, one peer…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects
Region(s): Eastern, Southern
Keywords: roosting, bats, Indiana bat, habitat, Ohio, Kentucky

Accurate information on regional particulate matter concentrations is essential to burn permitting and airshed management. Such information is essential to efforts to comply with National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The standard approach (as also applied by Malm: # 01-1-5-01…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: air quality, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, fire detection, BlueSky Modeling Framework

The time-mean and time-varying smoke and velocity structure of a wildfire convective plume is examined using a high-resolution scanning Doppler lidar. The mean plume is shown to exhibit the archetypal form of a bent-over plume in a crosswind, matching the well-established Briggs…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): California
Keywords: plume, convection plume, turbulence, convection, entrainment, updraft, wildfires, forest fires, heat flux, LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, El Portal fire

The purpose of this JFSP project was to evaluate and improve the performance of Daysmoke in simulating smoke plume rise of prescribed burning. A combined approach of field measurement, numerical modeling, and dynamical and statistical analysis was used. Smoke plume height was…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: DAYSMOKE, plume rise, statistical analysis

Several major car pileups with fatalities have resulted as a consequence of the formation of a dense smoke cloud which reduces visibility to less than 3 meters. These conditions of low visibility are known as Superfog. Continuing from work done by Dr. Gary Achtemeier,…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: superfog, laboratory experiments, fuel moisture, wind velocity

This document reports our success in achieving the objectives and accomplishing the deliverables proposed in the project “Validation of Smoke Transport Models with Airborne and Lidar Experiments”. This final report is divided into four sections. Section 1, the Background,…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest
Keywords: air pollutants, black carbon, greenhouse gases, air quality

Although a many studies concerning crop residue burning have been conducted, the influence of crop residue burning on local PM2.5 concentrations remains unclear. The number of crop residue burning spots was the highest in Heilongjiang province and we extracted crop residue…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: crop residues, cropland residue burning, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, remote sensing, China, air pollution

To meet the data requirements of physics-based fire models and FASMEE objectives, traditional fuel and consumption measures need to be integrated with spatially explicit, three-dimensional data. One of the challenges of traditional fuel measurement techniques is that they must…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Mapping, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Great Basin, Southern
Keywords: FASMEE - Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment, fuel consumption, physics-based fire model