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Many plant species are dependent on soil-stored seeds for their persistence in fire-prone systems. Seed germination is often stimulated by fire-related cues including heat and smoke, but the way these cues promote germination may differ between structurally distinct plant…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: seed germination, seed bank, Australia, fire-prone ecosystem

Given the rapid nature of climate change occurring in the Arctic and the difficulty climate models have in quantitatively reproducing observed changes such as sea ice loss, it is important to improve understanding of the processes leading to climate change in this region,…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: Arctic, air pollution, climate change, aerosols, O3 - ozone, black carbon, POLARCAT - Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport, wildfires

Black carbon (BC) concentrations observed in 22 snowpits sampled in the northwest sector of the Greenland ice sheet in April 2014 have allowed us to identify a strong and widespread BC aerosol deposition event, which was dated to have accumulated in the pits from two snow storms…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: Canada, Greenland, black carbon, LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, WRF-Chem, deposition, wildfires

In 2002, an enormous amount of smoke has been emitted from Yakutsk wildfires. In this study, we examine the impact of smoke on cloud properties and precipitation associated with frontal systems using the WRF-Chem-SMOKE model and satellite data. The smoke emissions are computed…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Models, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: Yakutsk, WRF-Chem, satellite data, Russia, organic matter, black carbon, clouds, biomass burning, aerosols

The uncertainty in biomass burning emissions are large in many regions due to high variation of fire characteristics, limitation of fire data and uncertainty in factors calculation. The simulations in Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA), using Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINN) as the…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Asia, PM - particulate matter, biomass burning, air quality model, FRP - Fire Radiative Power

Relationships between boreal wildfire emissions and day-to-day variations in meteorological variables are complex and have important implications for the sensitivity of high-latitude ecosystems to climate change. We examined the influence of environmental conditions on boreal…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: wildfires, air quality, weather observations, fire models, fuel consumption, biomass burning, boreal forest

An unprecedented wildfire impacted the northern Alberta city of Fort McMurray in May 2016 causing a mandatory city wide evacuation and the loss of 2,400 homes and commercial structures. A two-hectare wildfire was discovered on May 1, grew to ~ 157,000 ha by May 5, and continued…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: boreal fire, biomass combustion, emission ratio, PM - particulate matter, O3 - ozone, S - sulfur, Fort McMurray Fire, Alberta, Canada, air quality

Quantifying biomass consumption and carbon release is critical to understanding the role of fires in the carbon cycle and air quality. We present a methodology to estimate the biomass consumed and the carbon released by the California Rim fire by integrating postfire airborne…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Mapping
Region(s): California
Keywords: LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, biomass consumption, C - carbon, megafires, Landsat, scientific data integration, 2013 Rim Fire, carbon release

Constraining the complex refractive indices, optical properties and size of brown carbon (BrC) aerosols is a vital endeavor for improving climate models and satellite retrieval algorithms. Smoldering wildfires are the largest source of primary BrC, and fuel parameters such as…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: brown carbon aerosol, refractive index, optical properties, smoldering fires, biomass burning, Indonesia

Climate forecasts predict an increase in frequency and intensity of wildfires. Associations between health outcomes and population exposure to smoke from Washington 2012 wildfires were compared using surface monitors, chemical-weather models, and a novel method blending three…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Models, Safety
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: Washington, public health, PM2.5, cardiopulmonary, WRF-Chem, epidemiology, cardiovascular effects, respiratory effects, hospitalizations

We used spatial optimization to allocate and prioritize prescribed fire treatments in the fire-prone Bages County, central Catalonia (northeastern Spain). The goal of this study was to identify suitable strategic locations on forest lands for fuel treatments in order to: 1)…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: optimization, Mediterranean region, Spain, fuel treatments, fire spread

In the Mediterranean ecosystem, wildfires are very frequent and the predicted future with a probable increase of fires could drastically modify the vegetation scenarios. Vegetation fires are an important source of gases and primary emissions of fine carbonaceous particles in the…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): International
Keywords: Italy, deciduous trees, coniferous, biomass burning, Mediterranean ecosystem, particulate emissions, Pinus halepensis, Quercus pubescens, laboratory fires

Northern boreal forests are sensitive to many effects of global change. This is of particular concern due to the proportionally greater climate change projected for the area in which these forests occur. One of the sensitive areas is the Far North of Ontario (FNO), consisting of…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Hazard and Risk
Region(s): International
Keywords: boreal forest, wildfires, Canada, northern Ontario, tundra, carbon balance

This study examines major wildfires in the western United States between 2005 and 2015 to determine which species exhibit the highest percent change in mass concentration on day of peak fire influence relative to preceding nonfire days. Forty-one fires were examined using the…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: aerosol, IMPROVE, biomass burning, chloride, dust, NAAPS - Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System, organic aerosols

The natural cycle of landscape fire maintains the ecological health of the land, yet adverse health effects associated with exposure to emissions from wildfire produce public health and clinical challenges. Systematic reviews conclude that a positive association exists between…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: health effects, air quality, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5

The interaction between wildlife and power lines has collateral effects that include wildfires and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, currently available information is scarce and so new approaches are needed to increase our understanding of this issue. Here, we present…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: birds, CO2 - carbon dioxide, electricity, power lines, Spain, wildfires, wildlife

In the western U.S., smoke from wild and prescribed fires can severely degrade air quality. Due to changes in climate and land management, wildfires have increased in frequency and severity, and this trend is expected to continue. Consequently, wildfires are expected to become…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: Washington, wildfires, exposure, satellites, smoke exposure, air pollution, regression models, PM2.5, WRF-Chem

Savanna fires contribute significantly to global aerosol loading and hence to the Earth's radiative budget. Modeling of the climatic impact of these aerosols is made difficult due to a lack of knowledge of their size distribution. Australia is the third largest source of global…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Australia, savannas, wildfires, aerosols, gases, emission factors, Northern Territory of Australia, trace gases

Burn area and the frequency of extreme fire events have been increasing during recent decades in North America, and this trend is expected to continue over the 21st century. While many aspects of the North American carbon budget have been intensively studied, the net…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: wildland fire, wildfires, Canada, C - carbon, carbon dynamics, carbon flux, boreal forest

In many regions of the world, fires are an important and highly variable source of air pollutant emissions, and they thus constitute a significant if not dominant factor controlling the interannual variability of the atmospheric composition. This paper describes the 41-year…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: wildland fire, wildfires, greenhouse gases, air pollutants, carbon emissions, area burned

In the biomass, soils, and peatlands of Siberia, boreal Russia holds one of the largest pools of terrestrial carbon. Because Siberia is located where some of the largest temperature increases are expected to occur under current climate change scenarios, stored carbon has the…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Siberia, boreal forest, peatland, C - carbon, biomass burning, carbon emissions, fire severity, soil organic matter, carbon consumption

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected ash and burned soils from about 28 sites in southern California wildfire areas (Harris, Witch, Ammo, Santiago, Canyon and Grass Valley) from Nov. 2 through 9, 2007 (table 1). USGS researchers are applying a wide variety of analytical…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Safety
Region(s): California
Keywords: ash, soils, burned soil, water quality, human health, flooding, debris flows, endangered species, BAER - Burned Area Emergency Response

Studies that analyse the impact on mortality of particulate matter (PM) produced by biomass combustion from wildfires mostly focus on a single city or on cities in different countries, with very few concentrating on one country as a whole. Accordingly, the aim of this paper was…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Spain, wildfires, biomass combustion, mortality, PM - particulate matter, human health

Wildfires can cause immediate and drastic impacts on the structure and functioning of ecosystems, and there has been an increasing interest in wildfire effects on water chemistry and aquatic biota. Wildfires are increasingly recognized as a diffuse source of contamination of…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: wildfires, ash, chemical elements, PAH - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ecotoxicological effects, freshwater organisms, water chemistry, Portugal, fire frequency, bacteria, hydrocarbons, toxicity, water quality, fire management, forest management

In Chile, significant amounts of native forests as well as pine and eucalyptus plantations are lost yearly as a result of forest fires. Besides the effect of high temperatures on the soil and destruction of the plant cover, the ashes originating from these fires end up spread…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: ash, trace element analysis, leaching, volcanic soils, Chile