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With climate change rapidly affecting northern forests and wetlands, mercury reserves once protected in cold, wet soils are being exposed to burning, likely triggering large releases of mercury to the atmosphere. We quantify organic soil mercury stocks and burn areas across…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: boreal forest, fire, climate change, Hg - mercury, mercury emissions, soil nutrients

The first-ever experimental study of gaseous emissions from tropical biomass in southeast Asia is reported. Forest fires have been responsible for regional haze episodes in recent years, and most of the fires were in areas where peat is the dominant biomass fuel. Samples of peat…
Person:
Year: 2000
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: combustion, Asia, CH4 - methane, CO2 - carbon dioxide, CO - carbon monoxide, haze, PAH - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, peat

We used a new, 100-year, 1 × 1° global fire map and a carbon cycle model (CASA) to provide a yearly gridded estimate of the temporal trend in carbon emissions due to wildfires through the 20th century. 2700–3325 Tg C y−1 burn at the end of the 20th century, compared to 1500–2700…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: carbon, biomass burning

Fire disturbance in boreal forests can release carbon to the atmosphere stored in both the aboveground vegetation and the organic soil layer. Estimating pyrogenic emissions of carbon released during biomass burning in these forests is useful for understanding and estimating…
Person:
Year: 2000
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: burn severity, remote sensing, black spruce, carbon release, global carbon budget, spruce forest complex, tree density, biomass burning, mixedwood

Direct measurements of CO2 and water vapour of regenerating forests after fire events (secondary succession stages) are needed to determine the role of such disturbances in the biome carbon and water cycles functioning. An estimation of the extension of burnt areas is also…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Intelligence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): International
Keywords: boreal forests, Abies spp., regeneration, water, boreal ecosystem, carbon exchange, nutrient uptake, Siberia, Betula, C - carbon, CO2 - carbon dioxide, coniferous forests, disturbance, ecosystem dynamics, energy, forest management, heat, Picea, Pinus, Populus, remote sensing, Sorbus spp., Russia, succession, taiga, wildfires

A detailed set of data was compiled on 20 large fire whirlwinds observed at 27 prescribed burns conducted in Ontario. There appear to be two types of such whirlwinds: one occurs in pairs on the leeward side of the convection column and the other is created after the entire…
Person:
Year: 1990
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Aviation, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire History, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Logistics, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, fire intensity, black spruce, Picea mariana, fire whirls, aerial ignition, convection, duff, energy, fire case histories, fire control, fire danger rating, fire equipment, fire management planning, fire size, fire weather, fire whirls, forest management, fuel loading, ignition, logging, rate of spread, size classes, slash, smoke behavior, storms, temperature, vortices, weather observations, wind

Visibility impairment from regional haze is a significant problem throughout the continental United States. A substantial portion of regional haze is produced by smoke from prescribed and wildland fires. Here we describe the integration of four simulation models, an array of GIS…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: air quality, fire, fire regimes, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, haze, regional haze, smoke dispersion, integrated models, prediction models

During the summer of 1995, especially between June and mid July, extensive wildfires occurred throughout Canada, primarily north of 55 degrees N latitude. A previous report used aircraft and surface observations and tracer simulations to show these fires strongly influenced CO…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, wildfires, air pollution, CO - carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, ozone

Results from two independently developed biomass-burning smoke plume models are compared. Model results were obtained for the temporal evolution of two nascent smoke plumes originating from significantly different fire environments (an Alaskan boreal forest and an African…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: boreal forest, savannas, Africa, biomass burning

Oxygenated volatile organic species (oxygenates), including HCOOH, H2CO, CH3OH, HOCH2CHO (hydroxyacetaldehyde), CH3COOH, and C6H5OH, have recently been identified by Fourier transform infrared measurements as a significant component of the direct emissions from biomass…
Person:
Year: 2001
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: biomass combustion, VOC - volatile organic compounds, smoke plume simulations

The relationship between charcoal production from fires and charcoal deposition in lakes is poorly understood, which limits the interpretation of sediment charcoal records. This calibration study assessed charcoal particle production, size, and transport during the International…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: boreal forest, Canada, charcoal, crown fires, fire regimes, jack pine, Pinus banksiana, black spruce, charcoal deposition, ICFME - International Crown Fire Modeling Experiment, Picea mariana, sediment records, Northwest Territories, age classes, Alnus crispa, Betula glandulosa, Betula papyrifera, C - carbon, community ecology, coniferous forests, distribution, ecosystem dynamics, field experimental fires, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire size, fossils, fuel loading, lakes, Larix laricina, Manitoba, Ontario, particulates, Picea glauca, Pinus resinosa, Pinus strobus, Pinus sylvestris, Populus balsamifera, Populus tremuloides, rate of spread, Salix spp., sedimentation, taiga, statistical analysis

This study presents a comprehensive investigation of fires across the Canadian boreal forest zone by means of satellite-based remote sensing. A fire-detection algorithm was designed to monitor fires using daily Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) images. It exploits…
Person:
Year: 2000
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: boreal forest, Canada, fire, forest fire, boreal, boreal forest fire, burning, development, fire detection, measurement, forest fires, forests

The present paper proposes an original approach to estimate gaseous and particulate emissions from boreal forest fires based on the Canadian Forest Fire Behaviour Prediction ( FBP) System. The FBP System permits calculation of fuel consumption and rate of spread for individual…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, boreal forest, Canada, black carbon, climate change, PM - particulate matter, Quebec, FBP - CFFDRS Fire Behavior Prediction System, forest fires, GEM - Global Environmental Multiscale, greenhouse gas, particulate organic matter

Wildland fires produce smoke that contributes to reduced visibility over roadways with potentially tragic consequences. Land managers need to reduce this potential hazard. Two indices are described that correlate with conditions associated with roadway hazard. The Dispersion…
Person:
Year: 1996
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Safety, Weather
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: LVORI - Low Visibility Occurrence Risk Index, DI - Dispersion Index

Summertime observations of O3and CO made at the PICO-NARE station during 2001, 2003, and 2004 are used to assess the impact of boreal forest fires on the distribution of O3 mixing ratios in the midlatitude Northern Hemisphere (NH) lower free troposphere (FT). Backward…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: boreal forest, carbon emissions, ozone, Portugal

Soils in equilibrium with a natural forest ecosystem have high carbon (C) density. The ratio of soil:vegetation C density increases with latitude. Land use change, particularly conversion to agricultural ecosystems, depletes the soil C stock. Thus, degraded agricultural soils…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: boreal forest, forest ecosystems, nitrogen dynamics, black spruce, carbon cycle, climate change, elevated atmospheric CO2, fine roots, latitude soils, organic matter, Picea mariana, sequestration, SOC - soil organic carbon

We propose a modified algorithm for the gradient method to determine the near-edge smoke plume boundaries using backscatter signals of a scanning lidar. The running derivative of the ratio of the signalstandard deviation (STD) to the accumulated sum of the STD is calculated, and…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Northern Rockies
Keywords: LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, Montana

In this paper we present the first early dry season (early June-early August) emission factor measurements for carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and particulates with a diameter less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) for…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: atmospheric science, global change, savannas, Africa, savanna fires

Burning experiments in the laboratory on samples of forest floor (L + F + H organic layers) from an old-growth Tsuga heterophylla/Pseudotsuga taxifolia forest, indicated a 25-64% loss of N from the forest floor at temperatures of 300-700 C. Burning increased the N concentration…
Person:
Year: 1966
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, forest floor, N - nitrogen, British Columbia, burning, chemical concentration, fire control, forest litter, humus chemistry, plant composition, slash burning, soil nitrogen

The role of black carbon (BC) soot in the Arctic as an agent of climate warming through forcing/feedback of sea ice/glacier albedo is an uncertainty in need of addressing. In-situ measurements of BC-aerosols and gas byproducts from the FROSTFIRE experiment burn, 8-11 July 1999,…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: black carbon aerosols, climate change, climate warming, deposition, forest, snow, spectral albedo, trajectory model, transport, Frostfire prescribed burn

Flux measurements at sites of mixed hardwood and black spruce stands from an area (C4) of the Caribou-Poker Creek Research Watershed (CPCRW), interior Alaska, in the summer seasons of 1998, 1999, and 2000 are used to estimate the fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O before and after…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: soil respiration, Frostfire, global change, soil chemistry, soil microbes

Flux measurements at sites of mixed hardwood and black spruce (Picea mariana) stands from an area (C4) of the Caribou-Poker Creek Research Watershed (CPCRW), interior Alaska, USA, in the summer seasons of 1998, 1999, and 2000 are used to estimate the fluxes of CH4 and N2O before…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: boreal forest, soils, Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed, CH4 - methane, Frostfire, N2O - nitrous oxide

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor, launched on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terra satellite at the end of 1999, was designed with 36 spectral channels for a wide array of land, ocean, and atmospheric investigations. MODIS has a…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

There were large interannual variations in burned area in the boreal region (ranging between 3.0 and 23.6x106 ha yr-1) for the period of 1992 and 1995-2003 which resulted in corresponding variations in total carbon and carbon monoxide emissions. We estimated a range of carbon…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: boreal forest, carbon, duff consumption, fire severity, wildland fire, boreal region, burned area, carbon emissions, CO - carbon monoxide, trace gas emissions

The global boreal forest region experienced some 17.9 million ha of fire in 1998, which could be the highest level of the decade. Through the analysis of fire statistics from North America and satellite data from Russia, semimonthly estimates of area burned for five different…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: Canada, carbon dioxide emissions, peatland fires, Russia, boreal forest fires, CO - carbon monoxide, CH4 - methane