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Wildland fire is an important ecological process in the California Sierra Nevada. Personal accounts from pre-20th century describe a much smokier environment than present day. The policy of suppression beginning in the early 20th century and climate change are contributing to…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California
Keywords: air quality, smoke impacts, public health, wildland fire, policy, megafires, fire suppression, Sierra Nevada, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5

Open biomass burning is a significant source of primary air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and non-methane organic gases (NMOG). However, the physical and chemical atmospheric processing of these emissions during transport is poorly understood. Atmospheric…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: South Carolina, aerosol, organic aerosols, smoke plume, biomass burning, air pollutants, air quality, air pollution, PM - particulate matter, NMOC - nonmethane organic compounds

The 2013 Rim Fire was the third largest wildfire in California history and burned 257 314 acres in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. We evaluated air-quality impacts of PM2.5 from smoke from the Rim Fire on receptor areas in California and Nevada. We employed two approaches to…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California
Keywords: 2013 Rim Fire, Sierra Nevada, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, air quality, urban areas, rural areas, wildfires, climate change, particulates

To characterize the impact of the October 2007 wildfires on the air quality of Los Angeles, integrated ambient particulate matter (PM) samples were collected near the University of Southern California between October 24 and November 14, 2007. Samples were analyzed for different…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California
Keywords: air quality, biomass burning, carbon, combustion, fire management, Foehn winds, gases, hydrocarbons, Mediterranean habitats, oxygen, particulates, PM - particulate matter, pollution, K - potassium, smoke management, wildfires, organic carbon

Estimating population exposure to particulate matter during wildfires can be difficult because of insufficient monitoring data to capture the spatiotemporal variability of smoke plumes. Chemical transport models (CTMs) and satellite retrievals provide spatiotemporal data that…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Safety
Region(s): California
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, cross validation, chemical transport model, GASP - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Aerosol/Smoke Product, AOD - aerosol optical depth, smoke plumes, smoke prediction

We simulated public health forecast-based interventions during a wildfire smoke episode in rural North Carolina to show the potential for use of modeled smoke forecasts toward reducing the health burden and showed a significant economic benefit of reducing exposures. Daily and…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Models, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: North Carolina, wildfires, public health, smoke forecasting, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, health risk, economic impacts, mortality, asthma, interventions, SFP - Southern Fire Portal, smoke effects, air quality, health factors, pollution, remote sensing, fire management, forest management, smoke management

Wildfires generate substantial emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). As such, wildfires contribute to elevated ozone (O3) in the atmosphere. However, there is a large amount of variability in the emissions of O3 precursors and the amount of O3…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): California, Great Basin
Keywords: wildfires, ozone, exceptional event, VOC - volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, MDA8 - maximum daily 8-hour average, statistical analysis, PAN - peroxyacetyl nitrate, PM2.5, fire models, air quality, nitrogen, particulates, fire management, forest management, smoke management, Idaho, Nevada, Utah

The most conventional and abundant tracers of biomass combustion in aerosol particles include potassium and biomarkers derived from thermally altered cellulose/hemicellulose (anhydrosugars) and lignin (methoxyphenols). However, little is known of the role biomass combustion…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: biomass burning, aerosols, Texas, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, organic aerosols

Changing climatic conditions are influencing large wildfire frequency, a globally widespread disturbance that affects both human and natural systems. Understanding how climate change, population growth, and development patterns will affect the area burned by and emissions from…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models, Planning, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California
Keywords: climate change, disturbance, development, mitigation, human population density, air quality, air pollution, fire frequency, fire models, fire size, fire management, forest management, population density

Wildland firefighters suppressing wildland fires or conducting prescribed fires work long shifts during which they are exposed to high levels of wood smoke with no respiratory protection. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hazardous air pollutants formed during…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): California
Keywords: wildfires, wildland fire, firefighter exposure, hydrocarbons, PAH - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, air pollutants, health effects, smoke exposure

Particulate brown carbon (BrC) in the atmosphere absorbs light at subvisible wavelengths and has poorly constrained but potentially large climate forcing impacts. BrC from biomass burning has virtually unknown lifecycle and atmospheric stability. Here, BrC emitted from intense…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): California
Keywords: brown carbon, plumes, fire plumes, wildfires, aerosol, remote sensing, 2013 Rim Fire, CO - carbon monoxide

Water uptake by black carbon (BC)-containing aerosol was quantified in North American wildfire plumes of varying age (1 to ~40 h old) sampled during the SEAC4RS mission (2013). A Humidified Dual SP2 (HD-SP2) is used to optically size BC-containing particles under dry and humid…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): California
Keywords: black carbon, aerosol, fire plumes, plumes, water uptake, biomass burning, 2013 Rim Fire

The incomplete combustion of vegetation and dead organic matter by landscape fires creates recalcitrant pyrogenic carbon (PyC), which could be consequential for the global carbon budget if changes in fire regime, climate, and atmospheric CO2 were to substantially affect gains…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: PyC - pyrogenic carbon, C - carbon, fire regimes, fire frequency, atmospheric carbon dioxide, CO2 - carbon dioxide

Across the islands of Hawaiʻi, Maui, Molokaʻi, Oʻahu, and Kauaʻi the annual area burned by large wildland fires (≥0.4 km2 burned) between 2002 and 2011 averaged 48 km2/yr and ranged between 5 and 119 km2/yr. For the same period, greenhouse gas emissions from wildland fires…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Mapping, Models
Region(s): Hawaii
Keywords: area burned, wildfires, greenhouse gases, grasslands, shrublands, CO2 - carbon dioxide, nonnative species, carbon balance, fire severity, carbon storage, carbon flux

Peat fires in boreal and tundra regions can potentially cause a high CO2 release, because of their large soil carbon stocks. Under current and future climate warming the frequency and intensity of droughts are increasing and will cause the plant community and organic soil to…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: fuel type, soil ignition, boreal forest, species community, combustion, laboratory experiments, fire spread, fuel ladder, Sweden, Finland, tundra-taiga interface

We investigated health effects associated with fine particulate matter during a long-lived, large wildfire complex in northern California in the summer of 2008. We estimated exposure to PM2.5 for each day using an exposure prediction model created through data-adaptive machine…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Models, Safety
Region(s): California
Keywords: health effects, wildland fires, climate change, vulnerable populations, asthma, air pollution, PM - particulate matter, fire case histories, wildfires, air quality, diseases, health factors, particulates, pollution, statistical analysis, fire management

Understanding the emissions of mercury (Hg) from wildfires is important for quantifying the global atmospheric Hg sources. Emissions of Hg from soils resulting from wildfires in the Western United States was estimated for the 2000 to 2013 period, and the potential emission of Hg…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Models
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: literature review, Hg - mercury, soil temperature, soil heating, fire severity, FOFEM - First Order Fire Effects Model, fire intensity, wildfires, fire management, soil management

Wildfires have significant effects on human populations, economically, environmentally, and in terms of their general well-being. Smoke pollution, in particular, from either prescribed burns or uncontrolled wildfires, can have significant health impacts. Some estimates suggest…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Models, Social Science
Region(s): California
Keywords: smoke dispersion, crowdsourcing, air quality, wildfires, risk perception, pollution, social media, 2014 King Fire, Generalized Additive Models

Changes in climate and fire regimes are transforming the boreal forest, the world’s largest biome. Boreal North America recently experienced two years with large burned area: 2014 in the Northwest Territories and 2015 in Alaska. Here we use climate, lightning, fire and…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: boreal forest, Canada, lightning, Northwest Territories, ignition, fire size, area burned, carbon emissions, climate change, fire regimes, lightning ignitions, temperature, precipitation

Fire is an intrinsic element of many forest ecosystems; it shapes their ecological processes, determines species composition and influences landscape structure. However, wildfires may: have undesirable effects on biodiversity and vegetation coverage; produce carbon emissions to…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: climate change, climate variability, forest fire, tool

Wildfires emit significant amounts of pollutants that degrade air quality. Plumes from three wildfires in the western U.S. were measured from aircraft during the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) and the…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northwest
Keywords: wildfires, air quality, emission factors, PM - particulate matter, aerosols, NEI - National Emissions Inventory, organic aerosols, air pollution

During the summer of 2012 the Hewlett Gulch and High Park wildfires burned an area of 400 km2 northwest of Fort Collins, Colorado. These fires both came within 20 km of the Department of Atmospheric Science at Colorado State University, allowing for extensive measurements of…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Hazard and Risk
Region(s): Rocky Mountain
Keywords: Colorado, biomass burning, ammonia, reactive nitrogen, High Park Fire, Hewlett Gulch Fire, particles, N - nitrogen, air quality, wildfires, Rocky Mountains

This study estimated the economic costs associated with morbidity from the wildfires that occurred in 2007 in southern California. We used the excess number of hospital admissions and emergency department visits to quantify the morbidity effects and used medical costs to…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California
Keywords: cost of illness, air quality, forest fire, respiratory illness, social cost, public health

A prolonged and exceptionally intense air mass advection event transporting biomass burning aerosols generated in Alaska affected Ny-Ålesund in the mid of July 2015. This paper reports the morphochemical characteristics and mixing state of individual aerosol particles collected…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Norway, Svalbard, biomass burning, particles, image analysis, aerosols

Wildfire emissions in the boreal forests yield an important contribution to the chemical budget of the troposphere. To assess the contribution of wildfire to the emissions of atmospheric trace species in the Great Xing’an Mountains (GXM), which is also the most severe fire-prone…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: wildfires, satellite, China, burned area, boreal forests, fire activity, fire scars, fire size, aerosols, air quality, particulates, remote sensing, fire management, forest management