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Biomass burning is an important source of many trace gases in the global troposphere. We have constructed an airborne trace gas measurement system consisting of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) coupled to a flow-through multipass cell (AFTIR) and installed it on…
Person:
Year: 1999
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Intelligence, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: North Carolina, AFTIR - airborne Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, trace gas emissions, biomass burning, troposphere, experimental fire, fuel loading, wildfires, air quality, gases, GPS - global positioning system, military lands, fire management, forest management, smoke management, SFP - Southern Fire Portal

Seasonal trends in carbon emissions from savanna fires in Western Province, Zambia, were investigated in the early dry season (early June to early August) 1996. The objective was to determine the effect of fuel moisture content on combustion factors and modified combustion…
Person:
Year: 1999
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: fuel consumption, carbon emissions, Africa, biomass burning, Zambia, savanna fires

The trace gas emissions from six biomass fires, including three grass fires, were measured using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer coupled to an open-path, multipass cell (OP-FTIR). The quantified emissions consisted of carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, water vapor,…
Person:
Year: 1999
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: laboratory fires, surface fuels, trace gas emissions, infrared spectroscopy

The chemical processes of gas phase combustion in wildland fires are complex and occur at length-scales that are not resolved in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of landscape-scale wildland fire. A new approach for modelling fire chemistry in HIGRAD/FIRETEC (a landscape…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FIRETEC, gas phase combustion, chaparral, combustion, chemistry, coniferous forests, fire intensity, fire management, fuel accumulation, fuel management, fuel types, gases, grass fire, grasses, pine, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, range management, rate of spread, statistical analysis, temperature, wildfires, wind

One of the objectives of the present study is to gain a deeper understanding of the heat transfer mechanisms that control the spread of wildfires. Five experimental fires were conducted in the field across plots of living vegetation. This study focused on characterizing heat…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: field experimental fires, heat transfer, Mediterranean, radiation, temperature, wildfire spread, air temperature, convection, distribution, experimental fire, fire intensity, fire management, flame length, forest management, France, fuel loading, fuel moisture, gases, heat, heat effects, heathlands, radiation, rate of spread, shrublands, sloping terrain, soil temperature, statistical analysis, vegetation surveys, wildfires, wind

The Rocky Mountain Research Station is one of six regional units that make up the USDA Forest Service Research and Development organization-the most extensive natural resources research organization in the world. We maintain 12 field laboratories throughout a 14-state territory…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: research, US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station

The Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) is an international science project investigating the earth-atmosphere-human system in southern Africa. The programme was conducted over a two-year period from March 1999 to March 2001. The dry season field campaign…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, airborne measurements

We examined how adsorption and desorption of gases from inlets and a cell could affect the accuracy of closed-cell FTIR measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), methanol (CH3OH), acetic acid (CH3COOH),…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: ammonia, acetic acid, methanol, trace gas sampling

We measured stable and reactive trace gases with an airborne Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (AFTIR) on the University of Washington Convair-580 research aircraft in August/September 2000 during the SAFARI 2000 dry season campaign in Southern Africa. The measurements…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, AFTIR - airborne Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, biomass burning, OVOC - oxygenated volatile organic compounds, savanna fires, cloud chemistry, photochemistry

The Rocky Mountain Research Station is one of six regional units that make up the USDA Forest Service Research and Development organization-the most extensive natural resources research organization in the world. We maintain 12 field laboratories throughout a 14-state territory…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: Forest Service, NFP - National Fire Plan, research, Rocky Mountain Research Station

Airborne measurements made on initial smoke from 10 savanna fires in southern Africa provide quantitative data on emissions of 50 gaseous and particulate species, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, methane, ammonia, dimethyl sulfide,…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, trace gas emissions, biomass burning, particle emissions

Retrieved tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) column densities are presented for more than 9000 spectra obtained by the University of Wisconsin-Madison (UWis) Scanning High-Resolution Interferometer Sounder (SHIS) during a flight on the NASA ER-2 on 7 September 2000 as part of the…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, tropospheric CO

Airborne measurements of particles and gases from a 1000-ha savanna fire in South Africa are presented. These measurements represent the most extensive data set reported on the aging of biomass smoke. The measurements include total concentrations of particles (CN), particle…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: gases, particles, biomass burning, airborne measurements, savanna fires, South Africa

The Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator is a model that simulates fuel dynamics and potential fire behavior over time, in the context of stand development and management. Existing models are used to represent forest stand development (the Forest…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Models, Outreach, Prescribed Fire, Social Science
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fuel dynamics, silviculture, stand dynamics, fuel treatment, potential fire behavior, FFE-FVS - Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator, Abies grandis, Abies lasiocarpa, air quality, biomass, Agropyron spp., catastrophic fires, climatology, combustion, computer program, coniferous forests, crown fires, crown scorch, crowns, dead fuels, decay, decomposition, diameter classes, distribution, duff, ecosystem dynamics, education, fire control, fire hazard reduction, fire injuries (plants), flame length, fire intensity, forest management, fuel accumulation, fuel loading, fuel management, fuel moisture, grasses, habitat types, herbaceous vegetation, Larix occidentalis, leaves, litter, live fuels, logging, moisture, mortality, Picea engelmannii, pine forests, Pinus contorta, lodgepole pine, Pinus monticola, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, population density, population ecology, Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii, public information, rate of spread, salvage, regeneration, scorch, shrubs, site treatments, size classes, sloping terrain, snags, stand characteristics, statistical analysis, surface fires, surface fuels, Symphoricarpos spp., temperature, thinning, Tsuga heterophylla, Tsuga mertensiana, vegetation surveys, watershed management, wildfires, wildland fuels, wildlife habitat management, wind, woody fuels

Domestic biomass fuels (biofuels) were recently estimated to be the second largest source of carbon emissions from global biomass burning. Wood and charcoal provide approximately 90% and 10% of domestic energy in tropical Africa. In September 2000, we used open-path Fourier…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, trace gas emissions, biomass burning, biofuel, Zambia

Airborne measurements of trace gases and particles over and downwind of two prescribed savanna fires in Zambia are described. The measurements include profiles through the smoke plumes of condensation nucleus concentrations and normalized excess mixing ratios of particles and…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, emission factors, Zambia, airborne measurements, savanna fires

Science at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service has always been large in scale. The depth and breadth of the research conducted here, however, may surprise even many who are engaged in it. Our research programs have a wide geographical and temporal scope, an…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: Forest Service, research, research accomplishment report

The Rocky Mountain Research Station is one of six regional units that make up the USDA Forest Service Research and Development organization-the most extensive natural resources research organization in the world. We maintain 12 field laboratories throughout a 14-state territory…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: Forest Service, research, Rocky Mountain Research Station

The Research and Development (R&D) arm of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service works at the forefront of science to improve the health and use of our Nation's forests and grasslands. Research has been part of the Forest Service mission since the agency's…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Outreach, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: Forest Service, research, research accomplishment report

The research and development (R&D) arm of the Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), with approximately 550 researchers in a range of biological, physical, and social science fields, seeks to better understand and describe the complex mechanisms at work in…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: Forest Service, research, research accomplishment report

During 2005, the USDA Forest Service celebrated its Centennial, recognizing 100 years of successfully caring for the land and serving people. The Rocky Mountain Research Station has been, and continues to be, an integral part of the Forest Service mission, dating back to the…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: Forest Service, research, Rocky Mountain Research Station

Participants in a series of focus groups discussed how their tolerance for smoke varied by the source of the smoke and found their opinions changing as they talked with other participants. Even those opposed to smoke from agricultural burning eventually found smoke from…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire, Social Science, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Northern Rockies, Northwest
Keywords: defensible space, education, social acceptance, wildfire management, focus groups, fuels treatments

Fluxes of turbulent momentum, heat, moisture, as well as carbon dioxide associated with a prescribed Gulf Coast prairie fire, were documented quantitatively using a 42-m instrumented flux tower within the burn perimeter and a tethered balloon sounding system immediately downwind…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: prairie fires, fire plumes, water vapor

Introduction Florida is a popular national and international tourist destination with 74.3 million visitors in 2000, and slightly more than half of these visited natural and protected areas (Visit Florida, 2001). However, in recent years, notably in 1998 and 2001, drought…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Social Science
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: air quality, tourism, Florida

Detailed information on fuel consumption and emissions from wildland fire in Alaska's boreal forests has been in short supply. Research has been limited by reliance on prescribed burns for data collection in a region where weather, freezing and thawing permafrost and limited…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: Alaskan boreal forest, Consume 3.0, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, forest floor consumption, smoke characterization, Rapid Response Research