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The Tropical Forest and Fire Emissions Experiment (TROFFEE) used laboratory measurements followed by airborne and ground based field campaigns during the 2004 Amazon dry season to quantify the emissions from pristine tropical forest and several plantations as well as the…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: deforestation, tropical ecosystems, Brazil, OVOC - oxygenated volatile organic compounds, NMOC - nonmethane organic compounds, TROFFEE - Tropical Forest and Fire Emissions Experiment

To reduce uncertainties in the quantitative assessment of aerosol effects on regional climate and environmental changes, extensive measurements of aerosol optical properties were made with handheld Sun photometers in the Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network (CSHNET) starting in August…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: China, CSHNET - Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network , AOD - aerosol optical depth, Angstrom wavelength exponent

Biomass combustion emissions make a significant contribution to the overall particulate pollution in the troposphere. Wildland or prescribed burns and residential wood combustion emissions can vary due to differences in fuel, season, time of day, and the nature of the combustion…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire, Social Science, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California, Great Basin
Keywords: levoglucosan, biomass burning, SVOC - semi-volatile organic compounds, organic acids, air quality, Artemisia, backing fire, biomass, C - carbon, cellulose, combustion, coniferous forest, conifers, ecosystem dynamics, fire management, forest management, fuel management, grasses, grasslands, headfires, national forests, national parks, needles, particulates, Pinus monticola, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, pollution, chance ignition prescribed fires, recreation related fires, resins, sampling, season of fire, Sequoia, smoke effects, smoke management, statistical analysis, wildland fuels, wood, Yosemite National Park

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) currently provides the most extensive aerosol retrievals on a global basis, but validation is limited to a small number of ground stations. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of Collection 4 and 5 MODIS…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: aerosols, China, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, CSHNET - Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network

Single scattering albedo (SSA) governs the strength of aerosols in absorbing solar radiation, but few methods are available to directly measure this important quantity. There currently exist many ground-based measurements of spectral transmittance from which aerosol optical…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: China, SSA - single scattering albedo, AOT - aerosol optical thickness

An experimental method for determining the presence and the level of systematic distortions in lidar data is considered. The method has been developed on the basis of two years of field experiments with the Fire Sciences Laboratory elastic scanning lidar. The influence of…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, elastic scanning lidar, systematic distortions

A new method is considered that can be used for inverting data obtained from a combined elastic-inelastic lidar or a high spectral resolution lidar operating in a one-directional mode, or an elastic lidar operating in a multiangle mode. The particulate extinction coefficient is…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: particulate extinction coefficient, elastic-inelastic lidar, high spectral resolution lidar

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emissions from fires in tropical forest fuels were quantified using Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTRMS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography (GC) coupled to PTRMS (GC-PTR-MS). We investigated VOC…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: tropical ecosystems, VOC - volatile organic compounds, Brazil, biomass burning, TROFFEE - Tropical Forest and Fire Emissions Experiment

Fire scientists in the United States began exploring the relationships of fire-danger and hazard with weather, fuel moisture, and ignition probabilities as early as 1916. Many of the relationships identified then persist today in the form of our National Fire-Danger-Rating…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Mapping, Models, Planning, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: NFDRS - National Fire Danger Rating System, vegetation, United States, satellite-derived maps, Priest River Experiment Station, weather maps, climatology, coniferous forests, dead fuels, drought, duff, evolution, experimental areas, fire control, fire danger rating, fire hazard reduction, fire management, fire management planning, fuel moisture, GIS - geographic information system, Idaho, ignition, moisture, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, precipitation, rate of spread, sloping terrain, smoke effects, statistical analysis, succession, wind, woody fuels, wildfires

An improved measurement methodology and a data-processing technique for multiangle data obtained with an elastic scanning lidar in clear atmospheres are introduced. Azimuthal and slope scans are combined to reduce the atmospheric heterogeneity. Vertical profiles of optical depth…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, Kano-Hamilton, measurement methodology, multiangle data, azimuthal and slope scans

Considerable experimental and theoretical work has been done on general concepts regarding nonnative species and disturbance, but experimental research on the effects of fire on nonnative invasive species is sparse. We begin this chapter by connecting fundamental concepts from…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: disturbance, fire management, fire research, invasibility, nonnative invasive plants, invasion ecology, climatology, crown fires, crown scorch, ecosystem dynamics, fire frequency, fire hazard reduction, fire intensity, ground cover, fire size, heat effects, invasive species, phenology, post-fire recovery, presettlement fire regime, season of fire, soil moisture, surface fires, temperature

As part of the Tropical Forest and Fire Emissions Experiment (TROFFEE), tropical forest fuels were burned in a large, biomass-fire simulation facility and the smoke was characterized with open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton-transfer reaction mass…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: Amazon, Brazil, biomass burning, emission factors, TROFFEE - Tropical Forest and Fire Emissions Experiment

The Review and Update of the 1995 Federal Wildland Fire Management Policy (January 2001) remains sound and presents a single cohesive federal fire policy for the Departments of the Interior and Agriculture. However, some issues associated with implementation of this policy need…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Planning, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Safety, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire management planning

The general concept of an open-path backscatter nephelometer, its design, principles of calibration and the operational use are discussed. The research-grade instrument, which operates at the wavelength 355 nm, will be co-located with a scanning-lidar at measurement sites near…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, calibration, lidar ratio, backscatter nephelometer

ANNOTATION: This paper looks into the carbon sequestering abilities of forests and finds that policies currently in place promote avoidable carbon releases and discourage actions that would actually increase long-term carbon storage. When stand-replacing catastrophic fires move…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: forest management, carbon storage, CO2 - carbon dioxide, carbon offsets, Abies spp., biomass, C - carbon, catastrophic fires, coniferous forests, fire case histories, fire dependent species, fire frequency, fire hazard reduction, fire intensity, fire management, fire suppression, low intensity burns, climate change, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, population density, Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii, thinning, wildfires

Alternative techniques for determining the extinction coefficient and the lidar ratio from the optical-depth and backscatter-coefficient profiles are compared: (1) the techniques, in which the extinction coefficient is a primarily extracted parameter, which is then used to…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: backscatter coefficient, lidar ratio, extinction coefficient, optical depth profiles

Fuel biomass samples from southern Africa and the United States were burned in a laboratory combustion chamber while measuring the biomass consumption rate, the fire radiative energy (FRE) release rate (R fre), and the smoke concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, FRE - Fire Radiative Energy, fuel biomass samples, smoke aerosol emissions, emission coefficient

Forty-four small-scale experimental fires were conducted in a combustion chamber to examine the relationship between biomass consumption, smoke production, convective energy release, and middle infrared (MIR) measurements of fire radiative energy (FRE). Fuel bed weights, trace…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: biomass burning, radiative energy, energy release, trace gases, aerosol emissions, fuel mass loss

BlueSky, a National Fire Plan product, provides real-time predictions of surface smoke concentrations from prescribed fire, wildfire, and agricultural burn activities to aid land managers in burn/no-burn decisions. One critical component of BlueSky that remains to be addressed,…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Planning
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: air quality, BlueSky Modeling Framework, fire management, JFSP - Joint Fire Science Program, NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards, smoke concentration, smoke impacts, smoke modeling

Policies have been enacted to encourage carbon (C) sequestration through afforestation, reforestation, and other silvicultural practices; however, the effects of wildfires on forest C stocks are poorly understood. We present information from Sierran mixed-conifer forests…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): California
Keywords: Sierra Nevada, soils, carbon sequestration, mechanical treatment, mixed conifer, Abies concolor, air quality, Arbutus menziesii, Calocedrus decurrens, C - carbon, CO2 - carbon dioxide, Chrysolepis sempervirens, coniferous forests, diameter classes, duff, fire intensity, fire management, fire suppression, forest management, forest products, fuel management, Lithocarpus densiflorus, litter, logging, mortality, Pinus lambertiana, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Douglas-fir, Quercus kelloggii, reforestation, soil management, surface fuels, trees, wildfires

A study of smoke exposure at prescribed fires was done by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station and Radian Corporation between 1991 and 1994. This study was done to assess exposure to smoke among firefighters at prescribed fires in the Pacific Northwest.…
Person:
Year: 1994
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, smoke exposure

Description not entered.
Person:
Year: 1995
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California
Keywords: wildfires, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, smoke exposure

Description not entered.
Person:
Year: 1991
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northwest, Rocky Mountain
Keywords: big sagebrush, smoke emissions, western juniper, emission factors

Unpublished final report to the USDA Forest Service, Portland, OR.
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, smoke dispersion, smoke management, model assessment

Description not entered.
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fuels
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, forest health assessment, vegetation patterns, eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, historical vegetation, insect and disease hazard