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Present day lead pollution is an environmental hazard of global proportions. A correct determination of natural lead levels is very important in order to evaluate anthropogenic lead contributions. In this paper, the anthropogenic signature of early metallurgy in Southern Iberia…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire History
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire regimes, charcoal, deforestation, erosion, paleoecology, pollution, toxicity, Spain, Europe, fire management, soil management, Late Prehistory, lead pollution, anthropogenic environmental impact, metallurgy, southern Iberia

Two new types of signaling compounds have been discovered in wildfire smoke due to their ability to stimulate seed germination. The first discovered were karrikins, which share some structural similarity with the strigolactone class of plant hormones, and both signal through a…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: smoke effects, wildfires, chemical compounds, seed germination, Australia, fire management, smoke management, karrikins, strigolactones, cyanohydrins, cyanide, seed germination, Arabidopsis thaliana

Emissions of trace gases and C5-C10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Mediterranean wildfires occurring in Portugal in summer 2010 were studied. Fire smoke was collected in Tedlar bags and analysed for CO, CO2, total hydrocarbons (THC) and VOCs. The CO, CO2 and THC emission…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology
Region(s): International
Keywords: combustion, wildfires, air quality, carbon dioxide, gases, hydrocarbons, Portugal, Europe, fire management, smoke management, Mediterranean habitats, wildfires, Mediterranean forest, emission factors, trace gases, VOCs

The failure to implement historic fire regimes on Oklahoma landscapes is threatening ecological integrity, human health, and public safety. To understand public attitudes and perceptions toward fire and the associated encroachment of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana), we…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Outreach, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: fire damage (property), agriculture, aesthetics, education, forage, herbicides, mowing, public information, site treatments, soil erosion, wildlife, Juniperus virginiana, eastern redcedar, Oklahoma, fire management, attitudes, eastern redcedar, Juniperus virginiana, Oklahoma, perceptions, respondent, survey

Background: Several studies have evaluated the association between forest fire smoke and acute exacerbations of respiratory diseases, but few have examined effects on pharmaceutical dispensations. We examine the associations between daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Safety
Region(s): Northwest, International
Keywords: season of fire, smoke effects, wildfires, air quality, diseases, health factors, particulates, pollution, British Columbia, Canada, smoke management, fires, air pollution, asthma, pulmonary disease chronic obstructive, epidemiology

Exposure to combustion products from wildland fires causes respiratory irritation and decreased lung function among firefighters. The authors evaluated carbon monoxide (CO) exposures of a group of wildland firefighters who conducted prescribed burns in the southeastern United…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: firefighting personnel, CO - carbon monoxide, health factors, fire management, forest management, exposure assessment, wildland, firefighter

From the text ... 'But we have a lot of other things going on right now that are adding to our momentum. We have certification for fire practitioners that's improving our on-the-ground execution of fire. We have government support in the form of burn authorization programs that…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Outreach, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: air quality, public information, Florida, Georgia, fire management, forest management

Biomass burning is one of the largest sources of carbonaceous aerosols in the atmosphere, significantly affecting earth's radiation budget and climate. Tar balls, abundant in biomass burning smoke, absorb sunlight and have highly variable optical properties, typically not…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Southwest
Keywords: biomass burning, fire case histories, wildfires, aerosols, carbon, particulates, soot, New Mexico, fire management

Here we present the chemical characterization of the water-soluble organic carbon fraction of atmospheric aerosol collected during a prescribed fire burn in relation to soil organic matter and biomass combustion. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we observed that…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Great Basin
Keywords: biomass burning, wildfires, aerosols, air quality, carbon, dust, particulates, soil organic matter, soil temperature, Artemisia, sagebrush, Juniperus osteosperma, Utah juniper, Pinus monophylla, single-leaf pinyon pine, Nevada, fire management, forest management, soil management, coniferous forests, biomass burning, mineral dust, wildfires, organic carbon, nuclear magnetic resonance, aerosol

The purpose of this work is to propose new indices for the spatial validation of hazardous plumes forecast, and apply and test them with data of a case study. One, the Plume-Overlap-Area Hit index, is a modification of a widely used index that considers the overlap area between…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Intelligence, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: grass fires, rangeland fires, wildfires, remote sensing, Argentina, South America, fire management, range management, smoke management, grasslands, plume forecast, dispersion model, validation index, case study

Aerial- and ground-sampled emissions from three prescribed forest burns in the southeastern U.S. were compared to emissions from laboratory open burn tests using biomass from the same locations. A comprehensive array of emissions, including PM, black carbon (BC), brown carbon (…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: field experimental fires, laboratory fires, aerosols, air quality, biomass, carbon, light, Florida, North Carolina, fire management, forest management, smoke management

This study examines the impact of forest fires on natural biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and windblown dust emissions over urban areas; specifically over the Athens larger urban zone for the reference year 2008. The area spans a continuum of urban-suburban-wild…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: smoke effects, wildfires, air quality, pollution, wind, Greece, Europe, fire management, smoke management, urban habitats, forest fires, EI - Emission Inventory, windblown dust, BVOC - Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds

Experimental studies indicate that exposure to woodsmoke could induce oxidative stress. However studies have not been conducted among the general population and specialized occupational groups despite the existence of elevated woodsmoke exposure situations. Therefore, we…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: firefighting personnel, smoke effects, air quality, health factors, pollution, Georgia, South Carolina, fire management, smoke management, coastal plain, pine hardwood forests, oxidative stress, 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2 '-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), malondialdehyde (MDA), wildland firefighters, woodsmoke, oxidatively damaged DNA

Strategies for reducing carbon dioxide emissions include substitution of fossil fuel with bioenergy from forests, where carbon emitted is expected to be recaptured in the growth of new biomass to achieve zero net emissions, and forest thinning to reduce wildfire emissions. Here…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention
Region(s): California, Northwest
Keywords: wildfires, air quality, carbon dioxide, thinning, Oregon, Washington, fire management, forest management

Tropical peat swamp forests grow over tropical peatlands, which are widely distributed in flat lowlands in Southeast Asia. Recently, however, deforestation and drainage are in progress on a large scale because of growing demands for timber and farmland. In addition, the El Nino…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: heat, wildfires, air quality, deforestation, drainage, droughts, ENSO, evapotranspiration, radiation, Indonesia, Asia, fire management, forest management, smoke management, peatlands, tropical regions, deforestation, drainage, drought, evapotranspiration, peatland-fires

The risk of hospitalisation from bushfire exposure events in Darwin, Australia, is examined. Several local studies have found evidence for the effects of exposure to bushfire particulates on respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions. They have characterised the risk of…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety, Hazard and Risk
Region(s): International
Keywords: wildfires, air quality, health factors, particulates, pollution, Northern Territory of Australia, Australia, fire management, forest management, particulates, bush fires, cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions, health risk

From the text ... 'A critical role of the air resource advisor is the coordination and development of public messages about air quality impact from wildland fires.'
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Great Basin
Keywords: smoke effects, wildfires, air quality, Idaho, fire management, smoke management

Before using a fluid dynamics physically based wildfire model to study wildfire, validation is necessary and model results need to be systematically and objectively analyzed and compared to real fires, which requires suitable data sets. Observational data from the Meteotron…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire plumes, FDS - Fire Dynamics Simulator, Clark coupled model, Meteotron experiment , fire management, fire models, statistical analysis, temperature

Siberian boreal forest fires burn large areas annually, resulting in smoke that releases large amounts of particulate emission into the atmosphere. We sampled aerosol emissions from experimental fires on three Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest sites of central Siberia.…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: experimental fire, PM - particulate matter, Pinus sylvestris, Siberia, Scots pine, aerosol emissions

Periodic fires are a natural phenomenon in fynbos, which is the dominant vegetation type in the Cape floristic region. Fire-stimulated germination has been reported for a number of fynbos species. The promotion of seed germination in the fynbos fire ephemeral, Syncarpha vestita…
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: seed germination, South Africa, Cape Floristic Region, plant-derived smoke, Asteraceae, Thymelaeaceae

Faunal injury and mortality in wildland fires is a concern for wildlife and fire management although little work has been done on the mechanisms by which exposures cause their effects. In this paper, we use an integral plume model, field measurements, and models of carbon…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Models, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Eastern, Southern
Keywords: bats, mixed-oak forest, Ohio, Kentucky, plume modelling, Myotis sodalis, C - carbon, CO - carbon monoxide, combustion, fire injuries (humans), fire intensity, fire management, flame length, foliage, forage, habits and behavior, heat, heat effects, Indiana bat, mortality, Myotis spp., national forests, nesting, radiation, rate of spread, season of fire, small mammals, smoke effects, smoke management, statistical analysis, threatened and endangered species, toxicity, wildfires, wildlife, wildlife management, wind

The performance of internal combustion engines used in fire fighting equipment can be affected by the fireground ambient conditions. Both gasoline (SI) and diesel (CI) engines can suffer significant power losses due to high temperatures and reduced oxygen in the intake air…
Person:
Year: 1994
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: forest fire, fireground, bushfire, fire engines, internal combustion engine

As required by HB09-1199, Section 25-7-111(5)(a-d) Colorado Revised Statutes, the Colorado Air Pollution Control Division (Air Division) of the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment has drafted a report to evaluate its Smoke Management Program (SMP) and provide…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Emissions and Smoke, Outreach, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): Rocky Mountain
Keywords: air quality, Colorado, air pollution reduction, smoke management program, public comment

This document provides a list of publications produced by the Pacific Southwest Research Station from July 1, 2009 - June 30, 2010. It includes series publications, science perspectives, and journal articles and other publications. The topics covered include all aspects of…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Weather, Social Science, Aquatic
Region(s): California, Hawaii
Keywords: US Forest Service, publications, research publications

We calculate greenhouse-gas emissions from land-use change in Mato Grosso and Rondônia, two states that are responsible for more than half of the deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia. In addition to deforestation (clearing of forest), we also estimate clearing rates and emissions…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): International
Keywords: carbon, biomass, deforestation, global warming, greenhouse gas emissions, land use change, savannas, tropical forest, Amazon, Brazil, rainforest, agriculture, cerrado, combustion, cover, decay, diameter classes, fire management, forest management, climate change, greenhouse gases, land use, livestock, logging, mosaic, rainforests, soil nutrients, tropical forest, vegetation surveys