Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 3901 - 3925 of 5837
Fire is an important component of most Australian terrestrial ecosystems and exerts a major influence on plant recruitment in these systems. Seeds of species from Australian heath, woodland and grassland systems have a diverse response to fire-related germination cues.…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire intensity, fire regimes, heat effects, smoke effects, wildfires, plant growth, regeneration, seed dormancy, seed germination, shrubs, understory vegetation, weeds, eucalyptus, New South Wales, Australia, fire management, forest management, smoke management, rainforests, sclerophyll forests
This study is centred on Quercus robur, Q. pyrenaica and Q. ilex that have a distribution area covering all Europe. Fire is a frequent ecological factor in many ecosystems, especially in those with Mediterranean climates. Our working hypothesis is that fire affects the…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: heat effects, smoke effects, wildfires, ash, charcoal, plant growth, regeneration, seed germination, seeds, Quercus ilex, Holm oak, Quercus pyrenaica, Quercus robur, Europe, fire management, forest management, Mediterranean habitats, Quercus, germination, reproductive strategies, seeds
We report measurements of molecular and carbon isotopic compositions of Malaysian atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoke haze from the 1997 Indonesian forest fire. Comparison of the carbon isotopic compositions (d13C) of individual PAHs from the smoke haze…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, wildfires, aerosols, air quality, carbon, hydrocarbons, pollution, Malaysia, Asia, fire management, forest management, smoke management, tropical forests, aerosols, atmospheric PAHs, compound-specific d13C, source identification, tropic forest fires
The intramolecular distribution of stable isotopes in nitrous oxide from biomass burning plumes was measured for analysis of nitrous oxide behavior. Biomass burning experiments carried out for collecting the burning plumes used a grate-type test furnace. Dried rice straw was…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, experimental fires, agriculture, air quality, hydrogen, nitrogen, Japan, Asia, fire management, smoke management, biomass burning, N2O - nitrous oxide, intramolecular distribution of isotopes, isotopic fractionation, Agricultural Residue
The variation in carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratio is of primary interest since it affects the atmospheric abundance of several trace gases, like methane, via extensive chemical feedback mechanisms. From the mid-1990s the global annual average mixing ratio of CO varied by about…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: wildfires, air quality, CO - carbon monoxide, gases, CH4 - methane, statistical analysis, Europe, fire management, smoke management, carbon monoxide mixing ratio, budget calculation, box model, forest fires, anthropogenic emission
In this study, the authors assessed air quality and health effects of the 1997 haze disaster in Indonesia. The authors measured carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulate matter with diameters less than or equal to 10 [micro]m,…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, fire frequency, fire size, smoke effects, wildfires, air quality, carbon dioxide, CO - carbon monoxide, ENSO - El Nino Southern Oscillation, health factors, ozone, particulates, pollution, Indonesia, Asia, fire management, smoke management, tropical forests, forest fires, haze, health effects, Indonesia, particulates, respiratory symptoms
Surface CO and ozone data were obtained in 1998 at Happo (36.7°N, 137.8°E, altitude 1840 m) in Japan. Backward trajectory analysis was applied to get the origin of the air mass to the measuring site. The air mass is basically coming from the west over the Asian continent except…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Intelligence
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, wildfires, air quality, CO - carbon monoxide, ozone, pollution, remote sensing, Japan, Russia, Siberia, Asia, fire management, biomass burning, backward trajectory, long-range transport, east Asia
Continuous and semi-continuous measurements of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and PM2.5 were performed during the summer of 2002 in Rochester, NY and Philadelphia, PA. During the study period in Philadelphia, high concentrations of woodsmoke from a Canadian forest…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): Eastern, International
Keywords: wildfires, aerosols, air quality, carbon, Canada, New York, Pennsylvania, fire management, smoke management, organic carbon, elemental carbon, black carbon, PM2.5, sunset lab OC, EC analyzer, aethalometer, specific attenuation cross-section, Canadian forest fire
Atmospheric particulate matter, from three sites in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, and smoke samples from the burning of sugarcane leaves and bagasse were analyzed for biomass burning emissions. Samples were acquired using a standard high-volume air sampler; extracts were…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, cropland fires, air quality, chemical compounds, hydrocarbons, leaves, particulates, plantations, Brazil, South America, fire management, smoke management, croplands, sugarcane, levoglucosan, air quality, PAH - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, GC-MS, particulate matter
The objective of this study is to investigate the cost of the use of fire in the Amazon. Burnings are commonplace in the Amazon production process and contribute towards the region's agricultural expansion. Fire is used by farmers in the land preparation process and in clearing…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: cropland fires, fire control, fire damage (property), fire injuries (plants), human caused fires, prescribed fires (escaped), agriculture, air quality, carbon, health factors, livestock, private lands, statistical analysis, Amazon, Brazil, South America, fire management, forest management, land management, smoke management, croplands, Amazon, economic cost, forests
The stock, rates of sequestration and allocation of carbon were estimated for trees in 14 0.1-ha plots at Kapalga in Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, using new allometric relationships of carbon stock to stem cross-sectional area and measured growth rates of trees.…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire exclusion, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire regimes, wildfires, carbon, national parks, statistical analysis, Northern Territory of Australia, Australia, fire management, range management, savannas, tropical regions
This paper describes the effects of temperature and simple or multiple dormancy-breaking treatments (potassium nitrate, surgical treatment, gibberellic acid (GA3), after-ripening at 45°C and nitrogen dioxide gas) on germination of five endemic and geographically restricted…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: smoke effects, herbaceous vegetation, perennial plants, seed dormancy, seed germination, temperature, western Australia, Australia, smoke management
Grasses form an important component of grassy woodlands, although their response to fire has been understudied. In this study, fire germination responses of 22 Poaceae species from an endangered grassy-woodland community in eastern Australia were investigated. Seeds of 20 native…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire frequency, fire regimes, heat effects, season of fire, smoke effects, artificial regeneration, grasses, seed germination, threatened and endangered species (plants), Poaceae, New South Wales, Australia, fire management, range management, smoke management, grasslands
The regional nature of several important air pollutants, which include acids, ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organics (POPs), is widely recognized by researchers and decision makers. Such pollutants are transported regionally over scales from about 100 to a…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Climate
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: smoke effects, air quality, climate change, Hg - mercury, ozone, particulates, pollution, smoke management, ozone, particulates, Hg - mercury, POPs
Forest fires have major impact on ecosystems and greatly impact the amount of greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. This paper presents an overview in the forest fire detection, emission estimation, and fire risk prediction in China using satellite imagery, climate…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: wildfires, aerosols, biomass, climate change, greenhouse gases, moisture, remote sensing, vegetation surveys, China, Asia, fire management, forest management, forest fire detection, fire emission estimation, forest fire risk model, satellite remote sensing, China
Gas and particulate fractions were measured simultaneously from a wildfire in Penedono, central Portugal, which occurred in summer 2009. The total volatile hydrocarbons (THC) and carbon oxides (CO2 and CO) collected in Tedlar bags were measured using automatic analysers with…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, fire frequency, incendiary fires, smoke effects, wildfires, air quality, carbon, carbon dioxide, climate change, gases, hydrocarbons, particulates, Portugal, Europe, fire management, smoke management, wildfire, organic compounds, PM2.5, PM2.5-10, emission factors
We estimate fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations daily using MODIS satellite observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) for a major biomass burning event around Moscow during summer 2010. Evaluation of MODIS AOD with the Moscow AERONET site supports a MODIS-AOD error…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Intelligence, Models, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): International
Keywords: wildfires, aerosols, air quality, particulates, remote sensing, statistical analysis, Russia, Europe, fire management, MODIS, PM2.5, Moscow wildfires, aerosol optical depth
Fires in tropical forests release globally significant amounts of carbon to the atmosphere and may increase in importance as a result of climate change. Despite the striking impacts of fire on tropical ecosystems, the paucity of robust spatial models of forest fire still hampers…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire frequency, fire regimes, fire size, human caused fires, wildfires, air quality, carbon, climate change, deforestation, droughts, roads, statistical analysis, Amazon, Brazil, South America, fire management, forest management, cerrado, tropical forests, carbon emissions, hot pixels, IPCC A2 scenario, Redd, SimAmazonia
Wind erosion and large dust plumes are an increasingly important attribute in cold-desert rangelands, particularly as wildfire increases. Fire reduces vegetation, which increases erosivity. Whether sediment supply increases after fire has not been determined in this environment…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): Great Basin
Keywords: fire frequency, post fire recovery, wildfires, dust, erosion, microclimate, sedimentation, shrubs, wind, Artemisia tridentata, big sagebrush, Bromus tectorum, cheatgrass, Idaho, fire management, range management, rangeland fires
In rural towns of southern Australia, smoke from biomass burning such as prescribed burning of forests, wildfires and stubble burning is often claimed to be the major source of air pollution. To investigate the validity of this claim, ambient measurements of PM2.5 and ozone were…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, smoke effects, wildfires, air quality, ozone, pollution, Victoria, western Australia, Australia, fire management, smoke management, PM2.5, levoglucosan, ozone, wildfires
BACKGROUND: In June 2008, burning peat deposits produced haze and air pollution far in excess of National Ambient Air Quality Standards, encroaching on rural communities of eastern North Carolina. Although the association of mortality and morbidity with exposure to urban air…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: peat fires, smoke effects, wildfires, aerosols, air quality, diseases, health factors, remote sensing, North Carolina, fire management, smoke management, watershed management, bogs, peatlands, cardiopulmonary health effects, satellite data, syndromic surveillance, wildfire smoke exposure
In this work, a methodology based on the macro-tracer approach was improved to obtain a more reliable estimate of the wood burning impact on PM10 and OC concentrations.Indeed, literature emission factors were weighed by the wood consumption data available for the investigated…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: human caused fires, air quality, carbon, particulates, Italy, Europe, smoke management, levoglucosan, wood burning, emission factors, source apportionment
Over the coming decades, climate change will increasingly affect forest ecosystem processes, but the future magnitude and direction of these responses is uncertain. We designed 12 scenarios combining possible changes in tree growth rates, decay rates, and area burned by wildfire…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, Northwest
Keywords: fire size, wildfires, carbon, climate change, decay, forest products, greenhouse gases, plant growth, British Columbia, Canada, ecosystem dynamics, fire management, forest management, boreal forests, taiga, adaptation, CBM-CFS3 - Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector, forest fire, greenhouse gas emissions, harvested wood products
Forest fires affect both carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in forest ecosystems, and thereby influence the soil-atmosphere exchange of major greenhouse gases (GHGs): carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). To determine changes in the soil GHG fluxes…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: experimental fires, low intensity burns, surface fires, C - carbon, CO2 - carbon dioxide, charcoal, diameter classes, greenhouse gases, CH4 - methane, N - nitrogen, pH, population density, size classes, soil nutrients, Betula platyphylla, white birch, Japan, Asia, fire management, forest management, soil management, experimental areas, hardwood forests, forest fire, charcoal, greenhouse gas emissions, N2O - nitrous oxide
Epidemiological studies of exposure to vegetation fire smoke are often limited by the availability of accurate exposure data. This paper describes a systematic framework for retrospectively identifying the cause of air pollution events to facilitate a long, multicenter analysis…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Intelligence
Region(s): International
Keywords: smoke effects, wildfires, air quality, particulates, pollution, remote sensing, eucalyptus, New South Wales, Tasmania, western Australia, Australia, fire management, smoke management, sclerophyll forests