Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 3576 - 3600 of 5836
Biomass burning (BB) emits enormous amounts of aerosol particles and gases into the atmosphere and thereby significantly influences regional air quality and global climate. A dominant particle type from BB is spherical organic aerosol particles commonly referred to as tarballs.…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Japan, climate change, biomass burning, tar balls, organic aerosols, electron microscopy
Fire cues trigger germination and stimulate seedling growth of grass species from Brazilian savannas
Premise: Although fire cues (high temperatures and smoke) influence seed germination in numerous species from fire‐prone environments, their effects on seed germination of species from neotropical savannas are poorly understood. Methods: We exposed seeds of eight grass species…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Brazil, Campo Sujo, environmental cues, grasses, heat stimulated germination, karrikinolide, physiological dormancy, Poaceae spp., post-fire environment, seed dormancy, seedling recruitment
Climate change may increase the occurrence and severity of forest fires, leading to worsening wildfire seasons. More frequent burn events would have various effects due to increased haze and smoke, including a greater incidence of impacts on human health and reduced or impaired…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Social Science
Region(s): International
Keywords: British Columbia, Canada, nonmarket valuation, health, air quality, latent class model, heterogeneity, climate change, fire severity, WTP - willingness to pay
Early forest fire detection can effectively be achieved by systems of specialised tower-mounted cameras. With the aim of maximising system visibility of smoke above a prescribed region, the process of selecting multiple tower sites from a large number of potential site locations…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Planning
Region(s): International
Keywords: facility location, maximal cover, NSGA-II, fire detection, South Africa, Africa, optimization
The following list of fire research topics and questions were generated by a survey of personnel from agencies and organizations within AWFCG in 2003. The topics were prioritized as High, Medium, or Low by the AWFCG Fire Research, Development and Application Committee (FRDAC)…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Mapping
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: research needs
Alaska has recently experienced profound environmental change related to extreme weather events and deviations from the historical climate. Sustained warmth, sea ice loss, coastal flooding, river flooding, and major ecosystem changes have impacted the daily lives of Alaskans…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: fire season, fire management, temperature
In 1998, the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) was statutorily authorized as a joint partnership between the U.S. Department of the Interior and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. The program provides leadership to the wildland fire science community by…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Intelligence, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: JFSP - Joint Fire Science Program, fire research, fire regimes, firefighter safety, fire science delivery
In mid-August through mid-September of 2017 a major wildfire smoke and haze episode strongly impacted most of the NW US and SW Canada. During this period our ground-based site in Missoula, Montana, experienced heavy smoke impacts for ∼ 500 h (up to 471 µg m−3 hourly average PM2.…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Northern Rockies
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, trace gases, aerosol optical properties, Montana, black carbon, 2017 fire season, CO - carbon monoxide
A short, but severe, wildfire smoke episode in July 2015, with an aerosol optical depth (AOD) approaching 9, is shown to strongly impact radiation budgets across four distinct land-use types (forest, field, urban and wetland). At three of the sites, impacts on the energy balance…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire intensity, British Columbia, Canada, radiation, energy flux, carbon flux, heat flux, wetlands, AOD - aerosol optical depth, carbon budget
In this study we identify pyrolysis gases from prescribed burns conducted in pine forests with a shrub understory captured using a manual extraction device. The device selectively sampled emissions ahead of the flame front, minimizing the collection of oxidized gases, with the…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: pyrolysis, pine forests, understory shrubs, emission ratio, CO - carbon monoxide, CO2 - carbon dioxide, MCE - modified combustion efficiency, hydrocarbons
The Arctic is warming at an alarming rate, yet the processes that contribute to the enhanced warming are not well understood. Arctic aerosols have been targeted in studies for decades due to their consequential impacts on the energy budget, both directly and indirectly through…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: climate change, aerosols, North Slope of Alaska, oil, wildfires
Prescribed burning is an essential tool for forest and rangeland management that requires specific weather conditions to enable the efficient and safe application of fire. Prescribed burning is often limited by the ability to find suitable burn-days that fit within the…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: mixing height, transport, winds, ventilation, wildland fire management, burn window
There is an urgent need for next-generation smoke research and forecasting (SRF) systems to meet the challenges of the growing air quality, health and safety concerns associated with wildland fire emissions. This review paper presents simulations and experiments of hypothetical…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: burn plans, measurement design, CMAQ - Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System, DAYSMOKE, FIRETEC, WFDS - Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Dynamics Simulator, WRF-SFIRE-CHEM, FASMEE - Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment
Intense forest fires in western North America during August, 2017, caused smoke plumes that reached the stratosphere. While this phenomenon has often been observed, this particular event caused increases in stratospheric aerosol extinction at higher altitudes with greater…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: aerosol, wildfires, stratosphere, satellite limb, OSIRIS, Canada
Peat fires are a global-scale source of carbon emissions and a leading cause of regional air quality deterioration, especially in Southeast Asia. The ignition and spread of peat fires are strongly affected by moisture, which acts as an energy sink. However, moisture effects on…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: wildfires, moisture, biomass, pollution, peat fires, air quality, particle emissions
In Northern Thailand, wildland fire during cold period releases large amounts of smoke and fine particles into the atmosphere. The fine particles include several persistent organic compounds such as PAHs. In this study, PM2.5-bound PAH concentrations in the air of nine…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: Thailand, cancer, wildfire, wildland fire, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, PAH - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, public health
In this study we investigate the use of ΔPM2.5/ΔCO and ΔNOy/ΔCO normalized enhancement ratios (NERs) in identifying wildfire (WF) smoke events in urban areas. Nine urban ambient monitoring sites with adequate CO, PM2.5, and/or NOy measurements were selected for this study. We…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northwest, Rocky Mountain
Keywords: wildfires, NER - normalized enhancement ratio, air quality, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, urban areas, CO - carbon monoxide, NO - nitrogen oxide, emission ratio
We looked at a Siberian biomass burning (BB) event on Spring 2015 that was observed at Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO; 2.8 km a.s.l) and by satellite instruments (MODIS and CALIPSO), and intercepted by the NOAA WP-3D research aircraft during the Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus (…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Aviation, Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Northwest, International
Keywords: O3 - ozone, plumes, wildfire, Mt. Bachelor, reactive nitrogen, aerosol, Siberia, biomass burning, air quality
Australia commonly experiences extensive wildfires, mostly during its hot dry summers. These often lead to a significant loss of life and property. The October 2013 Blue Mountains Fire burnt through more than 100,000 hectares and generated a large amount of fire dust that was…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, Australia, wildfire, PM2.5, PM10, PM - particulate matter, O3 - ozone, NO - nitrogen oxide, SO - sulpher oxide, air pollution
Ambient concentrations of O3, PM2.5, NH3, NO, NO2, HNO3, SO2 and VOCs were measured at Devils Postpile National Monument (DEPO) during the summer seasons of 2013 and 2014. The measurements were impacted by the Aspen and Rim Fires in 2013, and the French and King Fires in 2014.…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California
Keywords: air quality, O3 - ozone, passive sampler, PM2.5, VOC - volatile organic compounds, NO - nitrogen oxide, air pollution
Fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10) particulate matter were monitored during the summer and fall of 2018 at Devils Postpile National Monument, California, USA. This remote site, located in the Sierra Nevada, was downwind of a number of wildland fires that were burning in California.…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): California
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, coarse particulate matter, fine particulate matter, PM2.5, PM10, air quality, wilderness, aerosols, smoke plume
In 2017, western Canadian wildfires injected smoke into the stratosphere that was detectable by satellites for more than 8 months. The smoke plume rose from 12 to 23 kilometers within 2 months owing to solar heating of black carbon, extending the lifetime and latitudinal spread…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Northwest, International
Keywords: black carbon, Canada, wildfires, solar heating, lofting, smoke dispersion
Epidemiologists use prediction models to downscale (i.e., interpolate) air pollution exposure where monitoring data is insufficient. This study compares machine learning prediction models for ground-level ozone during wildfires, evaluating the predictive accuracy of ten…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): California
Keywords: air pollution, exposure modelling, machine learning, O3 - ozone, wildfires
Wildfires emit O3 precursors but there are large variations in emissions, plume heights, and photochemical processing. These factors make it challenging to model O3 production from wildfires using Eulerian models. Here we describe a statistical approach to characterize the…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: O3 - ozone, PM - particulate matter, GAM - generalized additive model
Asthma is the most common pediatric disease in the USA. It has been consistently demonstrated that asthma symptoms are exacerbated by exposure to ozone. Ozone (O3) is a secondary pollutant produced when volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are oxidized in the atmosphere in the…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Models, Safety
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: O3 - ozone, air quality, asthma, burden assessment, hazard map, VOC - volatile organic compounds, EOAS - elevated ozone associated with smoke