Description
ANNOTATION: Three processes have been developed in the United States, one in Canada, and one in Finland for improving the quality of whole-tree and forest residue chips. They have potential application individually or in combination. Two of them have been applied commercially by the pulp and paper industry. Application of these processes coupled with integrated utilization of the various output wood, bark, and foliage fractions for fiber and energy products should promote the recovery of more forest residues.