This special issue contains a preface, an introductory paper and seven contributions on recent findings of spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis) and forest ecosystems of south-central Alaska, USA. The first paper reviews some of the most important findings from a diversity of research and management projects from 1970 to 2004 to understand the biology, ecology and control of this important forest insect, and the causes and effects of their outbreaks. The other papers provide: (i) fresh perspectives into the ecological and socioeconomic effects of spruce beetle outbreaks as viewed by local residents living in infested landscapes; (ii) long-term natural disturbance regimes by spruce beetles and fire in infested forests; (iii) effects of outbreaks on landscape level stand dynamics, plant succession, and berry production; and (iv) the effects of different management prescriptions on infested forests.