Hunting plantations in the Red Hills physiographic region of North Florida and South Georgia contain the largest population of red-cockaded woodpeckers on private lands. With more than 179 active clusters, the Red Hills population is the sixth largest anywhere. As an index of the population density and health, the median number of active clusters within 5 km of each active cluster is 34 (range 0-62). Forest management practices developed by Herbert L. Stoddard, Sr. and W. Leon Neel provide excellent red-cockaded woodpecker habitat. Some of the important practices are protection of native groundcover, frequent prescribed fires, maintenance of a standing forest with single-tree silviculture, and retention of old trees infected with red heart disease. A strategy for long-term management for this woodpecker population is an important part of the Red Hills Conservation Initiative developed at Tall Timbers Research Station.