Perhaps more than any other wildland-urban interface challenge, the interface makes wildland fire an issue. Some lightning-started wildland fires might be left to burn and maintain natural ecosystems if human lives and structures were not threatened, but they are. Second homes and villages dot the region. Nearly every major fire threatens human establishments, requires suppression efforts, causes heartache among evacuees, and grabs newspaper headlines. Every State forestry agency has a wildland fire suppression division. Communication efforts abound to educate the citizenry about reducing risk, preparing for fire, and managing the emergency. Any number of issues could be used to illustrate the complexity of managing natural resources and people in the wildland-urban interface, but for the sake of simplicity this report uses one: wildland fire. This term refers to fires that occur in natural areas that are not purposefully set for land management activity. They are usually started by human carelessness, though many are sparked by lightning or arson. Wildland fires also include prescribed fires that run out of control for any reason. This presentation reinforces the concepts presented throughout the Wildland-Urban Interface Assessment Report. It demonstrates how demography, public attitudes, political and economic conditions, ecology, and resource management techniques influence our efforts to manage and protect both people and natural resources from wildland fire in the interface.