In May 1990, a test of two levels of site preparation were implemented on a lower Piedmont site. The two silvicultural treatments were: 1 ) a spotgun application of the herbicide Velpar L and 2) brown and burn procedure. Seven 100 ft. x 2 ft. transects were located within each treatment area and all hardwood stems counted by species with heights and diameters recorded. Diversity analysis was computed by two of the most commonly used indices in ecology, Shannon and Brillouin. Since number of species present is the oldest and most fundamental concept of diversity, and it was observed that there were decreases in species number after treatment, one can conclude that the herbicide in combination with fire reduced the diversity and perhaps the herbicide only treatment is a better silvicultural tool if one wishes to maintain the diversity while enhancing the chance of establishing a pine forest. This hypothesis was tested using the formulae of Shannon and Brillouin. The mean general diversity decreases when analyzed with Shannon's index as follows: pre-treatment vs lYAT for brown and burn (0.94 vs 0.71) and for the herbicide only treatment (1.02 vs 0.97). The same general trend of decrease in diversity mean is evident with Brillouin's index: pre-treatment (0.84 vs 0.53) for brown and burn and at 1 YAT (0 95 vs .85) for the herbicide only treatment. If the objective is to maintain the hardwood diversity within young pine stands, it would be wise to utilize the herbicide only treatment. This situation would also benefit the wildlife and aesthetic objectives as well.