Peat cores collected from two locations in eastern North Carolina (NC, USA) were burned in a laboratory facility to characterize emissions during simulated field combustion. Particle and gas samples were analyzed to quantify emission factors for particulate matter (PM2.5), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon, light absorbing carbon, absorption Angstrom exponent, metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs). CO from the smoldering burns, up to 7 h in duration, contributed approximately 16% of the total carbon emitted. Emission factors for black carbon (BC) and light absorbing carbon (UVPM) were considerably lower than those found for forest litter burns. Emission factors for PCDDs/PCDFs were near published values for forest fuels, at 1–4 ng toxic equivalents (TEQ)/kg carbon burned (Cb). Total PAH concentrations of ≥12 mg/kg were higher than published data from biomass burns, but roughly the same in terms of toxicity. Application of these emission factors to the noteworthy 2008 “Evans Road” fire in NC indicates that PM2.5 and PCDD/PCDF emissions from this fire may have been 4–6% of the annual US inventory and 5% of the annual OC amount.