In Mediterranean fire-prone ecosystems, plant species persist and regenerate after fire by resprouting, by recruiting new individuals from a seed bank (post-fire seeding), or by both resprouting and post-fire seeding. Since species with resprouting ability are already able to persist in fire-prone ecosystems, we hypothesize that they have been subjected to lower evolutionary pressure to acquire traits allowing or enhancing post-fire recruitment. Consequently, we predict that the germination of non-resprouters is more likely to be increased or at least unaffected by heat than the germination of resprouters. To test this hypothesis we compiled published experiments carried out in Mediterranean Basin species where seeds were exposed to different heat treatments. We compared the probability of heat-tolerant germination (i.e. heated seeds had greater or equal germination than the control), the probability of heat-stimulated germination (i.e. heated seeds had greater germination than the control) and the stimulation magnitude (differences in proportion of germination of the heated seeds in relation to the untreated seeds, for heat-stimulated treatments) between resprouters and non-resprouters. Non-resprouters showed higher probability of heat-tolerance, higher probability of heat-stimulation and higher stimulation magnitude even when phylogenetic relatedness was considered. Differences between life-forms and post-fire seeding ability do not explain this pattern. Non-resprouters appear to have a greater capacity to both (i) persist after fire by means of recruiting (greater heat-tolerance) and (ii) increase their population after fire (greater heat-stimulated germination), than resprouters. Our results contribute to understanding the factors that condition the evolution of fire-persistence plant traits and support the hypothesis that resprouting and post-fire recruitment are negatively associated in Mediterranean Basin flora.