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Displaying 76 - 100 of 140
A new PC-based Visual Basic software program called FEPS version 1.0 (Fire Emission Production Simulator) is now available on the Web. It is a user-friendly computer program, designed to predict emissions and heat release characteristics from prescribed or wildfires using system…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FEPS - Fire Emissions Production Simulator, fuel consumption, computer program, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, emission data, heat release data
In the biomass, soils, and peatlands of Siberia, boreal Russia holds one of the largest pools of terrestrial carbon. Because Siberia is located where some of the largest temperature increases are expected to occur under current climate change scenarios, stored carbon has the…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Siberia, boreal forest, peatland, C - carbon, biomass burning, carbon emissions, fire severity, soil organic matter, carbon consumption
Robust low-cost sampler systems allowing for monitoring of air pollutants important for air quality resulting from forest fires and urban/agricultural activities in remote locations were tested and developed. The main emphasis was placed on passive samplers for ozone and…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): California
Keywords: air pollutants, air quality, plume dispersion, haze, McNally Fire
Forest fire emissions have a strong impact on the concentrations of trace gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. In order to quantify the influence of boreal forest fire emissions on the atmospheric composition, the fire seasons of 1997 and 1998 are compared in this paper. Fire…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Mapping, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: boreal forests, wildfires, Siberia, Canada, ATSR - Along Track Scanning Radiometer, burned area, aerosols, transport model, CO - carbon monoxide
The primary objective of the Emission Production Model project is: To improve the usability, accuracy, and applicability of an Emission Production Model to predict air pollutant source strength, heat release rate, and plume buoyancy from all fire environments and all fuel types…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Project
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air pollutants, heat release rate, buoyant plume
The objective of this study is to investigate the cost of the use of fire in the Amazon. Burnings are commonplace in the Amazon production process and contribute towards the region's agricultural expansion. Fire is used by farmers in the land preparation process and in clearing…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: economic costs, Amazon, Brazil, forests, fire use, agriculture, land management
During the summer of 2003, biomass fires burned a large area of Siberia, the largest in at least 10 years. We used the NRL Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) model to forecast the transport of the smoke from these fires. Transport of these airmasses to North America…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, Northwest, International
Keywords: British Columbia, burned area, Siberia, Washington, biomass burning, long-range transport of pollution, O3 - ozone, surface ozone
Temperature, intensity, spread, and dimensions of fires burning in tropical savanna and slashed tropical forest in central Brazil were measured for the first time by remote sensing with an infrared imaging spectrometer that was designed to accommodate the high radiances of…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Mapping
Region(s): International
Keywords: carbon flux, fire temperature, remote sensing, wildfire, cerrado, heat flux, infrared imaging, tropical forest, Brazil, tropical savannas, slash fire, extended-dynamic-range imaging spectrometer
Extensive measurements of smoke exposure among wildland firefighters are summarized, showing that firefighters can be exposed to significant levels of carbon monoxide and respiratory irritants, including formaldehyde, acrolein, and respirable particulate matter. Benzene was also…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Hazard and Risk, Logistics, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: hazard, wildfires, CO - carbon monoxide, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, firefighter safety, firefighters, air quality, CO2 - carbon dioxide, chemical compounds, fire danger rating, fire equipment, fire injury, fire management, fire management planning, fire suppression, firefighting personnel, health factors, mop up, particulates, pollution, season of fire, smoke effects, smoke management, statistical analysis, toxicity, wind
The characteristics of log smoldering after an Amazonian deforestation fire are described. The experiment was carried out in 2001 at the Caiabi farm, near the city of Alta Floresta, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, as part of a set of tests that have been performed in the same area…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: fuel moisture, biomass combustion, deforestation, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, slash burn, smoldering, Brazil, Amazonian forest fires
Fire shelters are critical safety items required for use by most wildland firefighters in the United States. Most testing of fire shelters, clothing and other personal protective equipment (PPE) has been limited to prescribed fires or laboratory based studies. This study reports…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Prevention, Hazard and Risk, Logistics, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Safety, Social Science
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Canada, crown fires, jack pine, Pinus banksiana, black spruce, fire shelter, ICFME - International Crown Fire Modeling Experiment, Picea mariana, Northwest Territories, air temperature, field experimental fires, fire damage (property), fire equipment, fire injuries (humans), fire intensity, fire management, fire management planning, fire suppression, firefighting personnel, humidity, gases, ignition, mortality, photography, wind
A numerical model for the prediction of the spread rate and intensity of forest crown fires has been developed. The model is the culmination of over 20 years of previously reported fire modelling research and experiments; however, it is only recently that it has been formulated…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: Canada, crown fires, jack pine, Pinus banksiana, rate of spread, black spruce, ICFME - International Crown Fire Modeling Experiment, Picea mariana, Northwest Territories, boreal forests, coniferous forests, dead fuels, duff, experimental fire, fire danger rating, fire exclusion, fire management, fire resistant plants, flame length, fuel management, fuel loading, fuel moisture, heat, ignition, photography, shrubs, size classes, stand characteristics, statistical analysis, surface fuels, wildfires, wind
During the past 80 years, various disturbances (such as wildfire and wind events) and management actions (including fire exclusion, logging, and domestic livestock grazing) have significantly modified the composition and structure of forests and ranges across the western United…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: air quality, fuel consumption, fuel loadings, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, vegetation cover, smoke production, Columbia River basin
Description not entered.
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: carbon emissions, Pinus sylvestris, Russia, Siberia, Scots pine
The radiative energy emitted by large fires and the corresponding smoke aerosol loading are simultaneously measured from the MODIS sensor from both the Terra and Aqua satellites. Quantitative relationships between the rates of emission of fire radiative energy and smoke are…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Planning
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: aerosols, atmospheric particles, dispersion, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, pollution, fires, prediction, space remote sensing
For most overnight campers, camping and campfires seem to go together. Campfires are not only psychologically reassuring, they seem to offer an easy way to get rid of trash. But after cooking dinner, it is wise to burn the garbage in your campfire? How benign are the fumes…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Outreach
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: ash, ash content, burn, burning garbage, campfires, development, gas emissions
Florida Division of Forestry's Internet Smoke Screening Tool (SST). This internet-based Smoke Screening Tool uses the latest computer technology and forecasted weather data to view the potential impacts from a smoke plume. Anyone can use the tool, but it is primarily designed to…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Tool
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: smoke modeling, SST - Smoke Screening Tool, burn prescription
Evaluating potential contributions of smoke dispersion, transport and deposition to regional haze from wildland and prescribed fire is difficult and costly, especially for Class I areas. Recent research indicates that various filter pack, denuder and passive monitoring systems…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Project
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): California, Southwest
Keywords: regional haze, smoke dispersion
The relationship between charcoal production from fires and charcoal deposition in lakes is poorly understood, which limits the interpretation of sediment charcoal records. This calibration study assessed charcoal particle production, size, and transport during the International…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: boreal forest, Canada, charcoal, crown fires, fire regimes, jack pine, Pinus banksiana, black spruce, charcoal deposition, ICFME - International Crown Fire Modeling Experiment, Picea mariana, sediment records, Northwest Territories, age classes, Alnus crispa, Betula glandulosa, Betula papyrifera, C - carbon, community ecology, coniferous forests, distribution, ecosystem dynamics, field experimental fires, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire size, fossils, fuel loading, lakes, Larix laricina, Manitoba, Ontario, particulates, Picea glauca, Pinus resinosa, Pinus strobus, Pinus sylvestris, Populus balsamifera, Populus tremuloides, rate of spread, Salix spp., sedimentation, taiga, statistical analysis
Description not entered.
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Unknown
Keywords: fire fighting
FOFEM 5.2 is a simple, yet versatile computer program that predicts first order fire effects using text and graphic outputs. It can be used in a variety of situations including: determining acceptable upper and lower fuel moistures for conducting prescribed burns, determining…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California, Eastern, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern
Keywords: FOFEM - First Order Fire Effects Model, fuel consumption, fuel moisture, particulates, tree mortality, mineral soil exposure, soil heating, smoke production
Confidence in decisionmaking can often come from knowing if others in similar circumstances would choose the same management strategy. Researchers at the USDA FS Pacific Northwest Research Station and the University of Saskatchewan have developed a Selection Criteria Analysis…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fuels treatments, FASTRACS - Fuel Analysis, Smoke Tracking, and Report Access Computer System, Selection Criteria Analysis
Tutorials for determining tree mortality, fuel consumption, smoke emissions and soil heating using the First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM), version 5.0 computer program.
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Planning
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FOFEM - First Order Fire Effects Model, fuel consumption, tree mortality, soil heating
We report the results of a questionnaire and workshop that sought to gain a better and deeper understanding of the contemporary information needs of wildland fire and fuels managers. Results from the questionnaire indicated that the decision to suppress a wildland fire was most…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Logistics, Mapping, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Safety, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: strategic planning, WFU - wildland fire use, decision support, management plan, catastrophic fires, computer program, crown fires, ecosystem dynamics, fire danger rating, fire hazard reduction, fire management, fire management planning, fire suppression, firefighting personnel, fuel accumulation, fuel management, GIS - geographic information system, grazing, heavy fuels, herbicide, invasive species, land management, recreation, US Forest Service, wildfires, wildland fuels, wildlife habitat management
This experiment studied burning characteristics of pine cones as a separate fuel component. Cones of fire resisters ponderosa pine, Jeffrey pine, longleaf pine, and south Florida slash pine, and cones of fire evaders Monterey pine, knobcone pine, sand pine, and pond pine were…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: cones, Aristida stricta, biogeography, coastal plain, coniferous forests, crown fires, evolution, fire adaptations, fire intensity, fire management, fire regimes, fire resistant plants, flame length, flammability, forest management, germination, ground fires, longleaf pine, needles, pine forests, pine, Pinus elliottii densa, Pinus jeffreyi, Pinus palustris, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, Pinus radiata, Pinus serotina, seed germination, SFP - Southern Fire Portal, slash, slash pine, smoke management, statistical analysis, surface fuels